[Daily article] November 30: Natchez revolt Published On

The Natchez revolt was an attack by the Natchez people on French
colonists near present-day Natchez, Mississippi, on November 29, 1729.
The Natchez and French had lived alongside each other in Louisiana for
more than a decade. After a period of deteriorating relations, the
Natchez were provoked to revolt when the French colonial commandant,
Sieur de Chépart, demanded land from a tribal village near Fort Rosalie
(pictured). They plotted an attack over several days and concealed their
plans from most of the French. In an armed massacre on the fort and
homesteads by the Mississippi River, they killed 230 of the 250 French
colonists and burned the fort and homes to the ground. Upon hearing news
of the revolt, French leaders in New Orleans feared a broader Native
American uprising and ordered an attack on the Chaouacha people, who
were not involved in the revolt. Over the next few weeks, French leaders
sent two expeditions to besiege the Natchez and recover hostages. Most
of the Natchez attackers escaped and sought refuge with other tribes,
but their revolt had been a significant setback to the Louisiana colony,
and the French retaliation led to the end of the Natchez as an
independent people.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natchez_revolt>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1864:

American Civil War: The Confederate States Army suffered its
worst disaster of the war as the Army of Tennessee conducted numerous
unsuccessful frontal assaults against fortified positions at Franklin,
Tennessee.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)>

1872:

The first international football match took place at Hamilton
Crescent, Glasgow, between Scotland and England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Scotland_vs_England_football_match>

1934:

The steam locomotive Flying Scotsman became the first to
officially exceed 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNER_Class_A3_4472_Flying_Scotsman>

1939:

The Winter War broke out as the Soviet Red Army invaded Finland
(Finnish troops pictured) and quickly advanced to the Mannerheim Line,
an action judged as illegal by the League of Nations.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_War>

1962:

Burmese diplomat U Thant became United Nations Secretary-
General, following the death of Dag Hammarskjöld in September 1961.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_Thant>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

exterminate:
1. To kill all of a population, usually deliberate and especially applied
to pests.
2. (figuratively) To bring a definite end to; to finish completely.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exterminate>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of a
style.  
--Jonathan Swift
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift>

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[Daily article] November 29: George Robey Published On

George Robey (1869–1954) was an English comedian, singer and actor in
musical theatre, known as one of the greatest music hall performers of
the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Robey mixed everyday situations
and observations with comic absurdity, and was a popular Christmas
pantomime performer. His notable successes during the First World War
included the hit revue The Bing Boys Are Here, in which he sang "If You
Were the Only Girl (In the World)". Born in London to a middle-class
family, he made his debut on stage at age 21 as the straight man to a
comic hypnotist. He soon developed his own music hall act. In 1892, he
appeared in his first pantomime, Whittington Up-to-date. He starred in
the Royal Command Performance in 1912 and regularly entertained before
aristocracy. In 1913 he debuted in film, but with only modest success.
>From 1918, he created sketches based on his character, the Prime
Minister of Mirth. He played Falstaff in Henry IV, Part 1 in 1935, and
again in Laurence Olivier's 1944 film. During the Second World War,
Robey raised money for charities and promoted recruitment into the
forces. He was knighted a few months before his death.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Robey>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1781:

The crew of the overcrowded British slave ship Zong killed 133
African slaves by dumping them into the sea to claim insurance.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zong_massacre>

1864:

American Indian Wars: A 700-man Colorado Territory militia
attacked a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho, killing 133 Cheyenne and
Arapaho men, women, and children.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre>

1890:

The Diet of Japan (pictured in session), a bicameral
legislature modelled after both the German Reichstag and the British
Westminster system, first met after the Meiji Constitution went into
effect.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet>

1947:

The United Nations General Assembly voted to approve the
Partition Plan for Palestine, a plan to resolve the Arab–Israeli
conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine by separating the territory
into Jewish and Arab states.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine>

1972:

Atari released Pong, one of the first video games to achieve
widespread popularity in both the arcade and home console markets.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

capacious:
Having a lot of space inside; roomy.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capacious>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Write on my gravestone: "Infidel, Traitor" — infidel to every
church that compromises with wrong; traitor to every government that
oppresses the people.  
--Wendell Phillips
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wendell_Phillips>

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[Daily article] November 28: Elwyn Roy King Published On

Roy King (1894–1941) was a fighter ace in the Australian Flying Corps
(AFC) during World War I. He was credited with twenty-six victories in
aerial combat, making him the second most successful ace in the AFC
after Harry Cobby, and the fourth highest-scoring Australian ace of the
war. A civil pilot and engineer between the wars, he served in the Royal
Australian Air Force (RAAF) from 1939 until his death. King initially
saw active service as a lighthorseman in Egypt in 1916. He transferred
to the AFC as a mechanic in January 1917, and was commissioned that year
as a pilot. Posted to No. 4 Squadron, he flew Sopwith Camels and Snipes
on the Western Front. He scored seven of his victories in the Snipe,
more than any other pilot. His exploits earned him the Distinguished
Flying Cross, the Distinguished Service Order, and a mention in
despatches. Returning to Australia in 1919, King spent some years in
civil aviation before co-founding a successful engineering business. He
joined the RAAF following the outbreak of World War II and held several
training commands, rising to the rank of group captain shortly before
his sudden death in November 1941 aged forty-seven.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elwyn_Roy_King>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1443:

Having deserted the army of the Ottoman Empire, Skanderbeg went
to Krujë in Middle Albania and using a forged letter from Sultan
Murad II to the Governor of Krujë, became lord of the city.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skanderbeg>

1660:

At London's Gresham College, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins,
Christopher Wren and other leading scientists founded a learned society
now known as the Royal Society.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society>

1919:

Nancy Astor, the first woman to serve as a Member of Parliament
in the British House of Commons, was elected in a by-election.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Astor,_Viscountess_Astor>

1943:

World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British
Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin (all
three pictured) met at the Tehran Conference to discuss war strategy
against the Axis powers.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Conference>

1987:

South African Airways Flight 295 suffered a catastrophic in-
flight fire and crashed into the Indian Ocean east of Mauritius, killing
all 159 on board.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

tractator:
1. (historical) In medieval commerce, the person who handles or transports
merchandise on behalf of an investor.
2. A person who writes tracts.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tractator>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Let it go, let it go! I am one with the wind and sky! Let it
go, let it go! You'll never see me cry… Let it go, let it go! And I'll
rise like the break of dawn Let it go, let it go! That perfect girl is
gone Here I stand In the light of day! Let the storm rage on! The cold
never bothered me anyway!  
--Frozen
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Frozen_(2013_film)>

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[Daily article] November 27: Freedom from Want (painting) Published On

Freedom from Want is the third of the Four Freedoms series of four oil
paintings by American artist Norman Rockwell (1894–1978, pictured in
his twenties). The works were inspired by U.S. President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union Address, known as Four Freedoms.
Until then, freedom from want was not a commonly understood or accepted
universal freedom. The painting was published in the March 6, 1943,
issue of The Saturday Evening Post. It depicts a group of people
gathered around a dinner table for a holiday meal, all of whom were
friends and family of Rockwell; they were photographed individually and
painted into the scene. The painting has become an iconic representation
of the Thanksgiving holiday and family holiday gatherings in general and
has had a wide array of adaptations, parodies, and other uses. Popular
then and now in the U.S., it caused resentment in Europe where the
masses were enduring wartime hardship. Artistically, the work is highly
regarded as an example of mastery of the challenges of white-on-white
painting and as one of Rockwell's most famous works.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_from_Want_(painting)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1703:

The Great Storm of 1703, one of the severest storms to strike
southern Great Britain, destroyed the first Eddystone Lighthouse off
Plymouth, England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddystone_Lighthouse>

1895:

Swedish chemist and industrialist Alfred Nobel signed his last
will and testament, setting aside the bulk of his estate to establish
the Nobel Prize after his death.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel>

1926:

Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg (pictured), a recreation
of a Colonial American city in the Historic Triangle on the Virginia
Peninsula, US, began.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg>

1978:

San Francisco mayor George Moscone and openly gay supervisor
Harvey Milk were assassinated by supervisor Dan White.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscone%E2%80%93Milk_assassinations>

1999:

The Labour Party defeated the governing National Party in the
New Zealand general election, making Labour's Helen Clark the first
woman to win the office of Prime Minister at an election.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

ace:
(UK, slang) Excellent.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ace>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Today we give our thanks, most of all, for the ideals of honor
and faith we inherit from our forefathers — for the decency of
purpose, steadfastness of resolve and strength of will, for the courage
and the humility, which they possessed and which we must seek every day
to emulate. As we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the
highest appreciation is not to utter words but to live by them. Let us
therefore proclaim our gratitude to Providence for manifold blessings
— let us be humbly thankful for inherited ideals — and let us
resolve to share those blessings and those ideals with our fellow human
beings throughout the world.  
--John F. Kennedy
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy>

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[Daily article] November 26: The World Is Not Enough (song) Published On

"The World Is Not Enough" is the theme song of the 1999 James Bond film
of the same name, performed by alternative rock group Garbage (pictured
in 2012). The song was written by composer David Arnold, who also scored
the film, and lyricist Don Black, previously responsible for four other
Bond songs. "The World Is Not Enough" was composed in the traditional
style of the series' title themes contrasting with the post-modern
production technique and genre-hopping sound that Garbage had
established on their first two albums. Garbage recorded the majority of
"The World Is Not Enough" while touring Europe, telephoning Arnold as he
recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England
themselves. Afterwards the band finished production of the song in
Canada. The lyrics reflect the point of view of the film's antagonist
Elektra King, with themes of world domination and seduction. The song
and accompanying soundtrack were released by Radioactive Records as the
film premiered around the world at the end of November 1999. Upon
release, "The World Is Not Enough" was widely acclaimed by reviewers,
and reached the top forty of ten singles charts.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Is_Not_Enough_(song)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

43 BC:

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and
Mark Antony formed the Second Triumvirate alliance.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate>

1842:

The University of Notre Dame (main administration building
pictured) in South Bend, Indiana, US, was founded as an all-male
institution by members of the Roman Catholic Congregation of Holy Cross.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame>

1939:

The Soviet Red Army shelled Mainila and then claimed that the
fire originated from Finland, giving them a casus belli to launch the
Winter War a few days later.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelling_of_Mainila>

1977:

A speaker claiming to represent the "Intergalactic Association"
interrupted the Southern Television broadcast in South East England,
warning viewers that "All your weapons of evil must be destroyed."
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Television_broadcast_interruption>

2008:

A coordinated group of shooting and bombing attacks across
Mumbai began, ultimately killing a total of 173 people and wounding more
than 300 others.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

unearthly:
1. Not of the earth; non-terrestrial.
2. Preternatural or supernatural.
3. Strange, enigmatic, or mysterious.
4. Ideal beyond the mundane.
5. Ridiculous, ludicrous, or outrageous.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unearthly>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I thought that it was strange to assume that it was abnormal
for anyone to be forever asking questions about the nature of the
universe, about what the human condition really was, my condition, what
I was doing here, if there was really something to do. It seemed to me
on the contrary that it was abnormal for people not to think about it,
for them to allow themselves to live, as it were, unconsciously. Perhaps
it's because everyone, all the others, are convinced in some
unformulated, irrational way that one day everything will be made clear.
Perhaps there will be a morning of grace for humanity. Perhaps there
will be a morning of grace for me.  
--Eugène Ionesco
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco>

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[Daily article] November 25: Biscayne National Park Published On

Biscayne National Park is a U.S. National Park in southern Florida,
south of Miami, that preserves Biscayne Bay and its offshore barrier
reefs (pictured). Ninety-five percent of the park is water, accessible
only by boat. It covers 172,971 acres (69,999 ha) and includes Elliott
Key, the first of the true Florida Keys. The park protects four
ecosystems (mangrove swamp, shallow waters, coral limestone keys and the
Florida Reef), providing a nursery for larval and juvenile fish,
molluscs and crustaceans, and nesting grounds for endangered sea
turtles. Sixteen endangered species including Schaus' swallowtail
butterflies, smalltooth sawfish, manatees, and green and hawksbill sea
turtles may be observed in the park. The people of the Glades culture
inhabited the region about 10,000 years ago before rising sea levels
filled the bay. The Tequesta people occupied the area from about
4,000 BC to the 16th century, when the Spanish took possession of
Florida. Following the Cuban Revolution, Elliott Key was used as a
training ground for infiltrators into Castro's Cuba by the CIA and Cuban
exile groups.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1034:

After Malcolm II of Scotland died at Glamis, Duncan, the son of
his second daughter, instead of Macbeth, the son of his eldest daughter,
inherited the throne to become the King of Scots.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth,_King_of_Scotland>

1795:

Stanisław August Poniatowski (pictured), the last King of
Poland, was forced to abdicate after the Third Partition of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski>

1863:

American Civil War: Confederate forces were defeated at the
Battle of Missionary Ridge in Chattanooga, Tennessee, opening the door
to the Union's invasion of the Deep South.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Missionary_Ridge>

1952:

Agatha Christie's mystery play The Mousetrap, the play with the
longest initial run in history, opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in
London.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mousetrap>

1960:

The Mirabal sisters, who opposed the dictatorship of military
strongman Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, were beaten and
strangled to death.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabal_sisters>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

rani:
1. The wife of a rajah.
2. A Hindu princess or female ruler in India.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rani>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Believing in the one thing That has gotten us this far —
That's what love is for To help us through it That's what love is for
Nothing else can do it Melt our defenses Bring us back to our senses
Give us strength to try once more Baby, that's what love is for.
 
--Amy Grant
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Amy_Grant>

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[Daily article] November 24: Haflinger Published On

The Haflinger is a horse breed developed in Austria and northern Italy
during the late 19th century. Relatively small and chestnut in color,
they were developed for use in mountainous terrain and are known for
their hardiness. The breed traces its ancestry to the Middle Ages, and
their current conformation and appearance come from infusions of
bloodlines from Arabian and various European breeds into the original
native Tyrolean ponies. All Haflingers can trace their lineage to a
foundation sire born in 1874. The two World Wars and the Great
Depression had a detrimental effect on the breed. In the postwar era the
Haflinger was indiscriminately crossed with other breeds, but from 1946
breeders focused on producing purebred Haflingers. Interest in the breed
increased in other countries, and numbers grew. In 2003 a Haflinger
became the first horse to be cloned, resulting in a filly named
Prometea. Haflingers have many uses, including light draft, harness
work, and various under-saddle disciplines. They are also used by the
Austrian and German armies in rough terrain. The World Haflinger
Federation, a confederation of 22 national registries, controls breed
standards.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haflinger>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1642:

A Dutch expedition led by Abel Tasman reached present-day
Tasmania, Australia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_Tasman>

1859:

On the Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin
was first published, and sold out its initial print run on the first
day.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species>

1906:

A local newspaper accused members of two teams of conspiring to
deliberately lose games, the first major scandal in American football.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs%E2%80%93Massillon_Tigers_betting_scandal>

1962:

The influential television programme That Was the Week That
Was, a significant element of the British satire boom, was first
broadcast.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Was_the_Week_That_Was>

1974:

A group of paleoanthropologists discovered a 3.2-million-year-
old skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis in the Afar Depression in
Ethiopia, nicknaming it "Lucy" (reconstruction pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_(Australopithecus)>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

scriptorium:
A room set aside for the copying, writing, or illuminating of
manuscripts and records, especially such a room in a monastery.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scriptorium>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The safest way for a state is to lay down the rule that religion
is comprised solely in the exercise of charity and justice, and that the
rights of rulers in sacred, no less than in secular matters, should
merely have to do with actions, but that every man should think what he
likes and say what he thinks.  
--Baruch Spinoza
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza>

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[Daily article] November 23: Franklin Pierce Published On

Franklin Pierce (1804–1869) was the 14th President of the United
States (1853–57), whose inability to calm tensions over slavery kept
the country on the path to the Civil War. A northern Democrat from New
Hampshire, Pierce served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the
Senate and took part in the Mexican–American War as a brigadier
general before becoming the Democrats' compromise candidate in the 1852
presidential election. He saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental
threat to the unity of the nation. He was a Young America expansionist
who signed the Gadsden Purchase of land from Mexico and led a failed
attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain. His polarizing actions in signing
the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act failed to
stem intersectional conflict. Although Pierce expected to be renominated
by the Democrats, he was abandoned by his party and failed in his bid to
be re-elected. His wife Jane suffered from illness and depression for
much of her life, and all of their children died young. Pierce, a heavy
drinker for much of his life, died of cirrhosis of the liver. Today he
is widely regarded as one of the worst presidents in U.S. history.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1499:

Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne during the
reign of King Henry VII, was hanged after reportedly attempting to
escape from the Tower of London.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck>

1876:

William "Boss" Tweed, a New York City politician who had been
arrested for embezzlement, was handed to US authorities after having
escaped from prison to Spain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Tweed>

1924:

Edwin Hubble published evidence in a newspaper that the
Andromeda Nebula, previously believed to be part of the Milky Way, is
actually another galaxy, one of many in the universe.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble>

1934:

An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden
encountered a garrison of Somalis in Italian service at Walwal, which
led to the Abyssinia Crisis.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis>

2009:

A crowd of people on their way to register the candidacy of
Esmael Mangudadatu in the upcoming election for Governor of Maguindanao,
Philippines, were attacked by supporters of his rival, resulting in at
least 57 deaths.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguindanao_massacre>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

donna:
A lady, especially a noblewoman; the title given to a lady in Italy.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/donna>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I am not … a "good man"! … And I'm not a bad man. … I am
not a "hero" — and I'm definitely not a President — and no — I'm
not an officer! … You know what I am? … I AM … an IDIOT! … with
a box — and a screwdriver — passing through, helping out, learning.
I don't need an army, I never have. …because love, it's not an emotion
— Love is a promise!  
--Doctor Who
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Doctor_Who>

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November 22: History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) Published On

The early history of the National Hockey League (NHL) began in 1917 when
it was founded by a majority of the franchises in the National Hockey
Association (the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators
and Quebec Bulldogs). The NHL's first quarter-century saw the league
compete against two rival major leagues, the Pacific Coast Hockey
Association and Western Canada Hockey League, for players and the
Stanley Cup. The NHL first expanded into the United States in 1924 with
the founding of the Boston Bruins, and by 1926 consisted of ten teams in
Ontario, Quebec, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeastern United
States. At the same time, the NHL emerged as the only major league and
the sole competitor for the Stanley Cup. Numerous innovations to the
rules and equipment were put forward as the NHL sought to improve the
flow of the game and make the sport more fan-friendly. Foster Hewitt's
radio broadcasts were heard coast-to-coast across Canada starting in
1933. The Great Depression and World War II reduced the league to six
teams by 1942, known as the "Original Six".

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_National_Hockey_League_(1917%E2%80%9342)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1718:

The pirate Blackbeard was killed in battle by a boarding party
of British sailors off the coast of North Carolina, ending his reign of
terror in the Caribbean.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbeard>

1812:

War of 1812: During a punitive expedition against Native
American villages, a contingent of Indiana Rangers were ambushed by
Kickapoo, Winnebago, and Shawnee warriors.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek>

1910:

The crews of the Brazilian warships Minas Geraes, São Paulo,
Bahia—all of which had been commissioned only months before—and
several smaller warships mutinied in what became known as the Revolt of
the Lash.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Lash>

1967:

The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted
Resolution 242 in the aftermath of the Six-Day War between Israel and
Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242>

2004:

Massive protests started across Ukraine due to allegations that
the presidential election between sitting Prime Minister Viktor
Yanukovych and opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko was rigged.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

zygon:
1. (anatomy) In the cerebrum, the short crossbar or stem that connects the
two pairs of branches of an H-shaped fissure.
2. (music) An affinity or connection in a piece of music between tones,
chords, or phrases, such that one part appears to repeat, to imitate, or
to derive from the other, especially when perceived as an organising
force in the music.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zygon>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  High achievements demand some other unusual qualification
besides an unusual desire for high prizes.  
--George Eliot
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Eliot>

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[Daily article] November 21: Sega 32X Published On

The Sega 32X is an add-on for the Sega Genesis video game console. It
was designed to expand the power of the Genesis and serve as a
transitional console into the 32-bit era until the release of the Sega
Saturn. Unveiled at June 1994's Consumer Electronics Show, Sega
presented the 32X as a low-cost option for playing 32-bit games.
Developed in response to the Atari Jaguar and concerns that the Saturn
would not be ready by the end of 1994, the product was originally
conceived as an entirely new console, but was converted into an add-on
to the existing Genesis and made more powerful. To meet the release date
of November 1994, development of the new system and its games were
rushed. Ultimately, the console failed to attract third-party video game
developers and sufficient consumers due to the announcement of the Sega
Saturn's simultaneous release in Japan. By the end of 1994, the 32X had
sold 665,000 units; it was discontinued in 1996. Initial reception was
positive, highlighting the low price and power expansion to the Genesis,
but later reviews were mostly negative because of its shallow game
library, poor market timing and the resulting market fragmentation for
the Genesis.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sega_32X>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1386:

Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur captured and sacked the Georgian
capital of Tbilisi, forcing King Bagrat V to convert to Islam.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur%27s_invasions_of_Georgia>

1918:

Polish troops and civilians began a three-day pogrom against
Jews and Ukrainian Christians in Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_pogrom_(1918)>

1894:

First Sino-Japanese War: After capturing the city of
Lüshunkou, the Japanese Second Army killed more than 1,000 Chinese
servicemen and civilians.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur_massacre_(China)>

1964:

The Verrazano–Narrows Bridge (pictured), connecting Staten
Island and Brooklyn in New York City, opened to traffic as the longest
suspension bridge in the world at the time.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrazano%E2%80%93Narrows_Bridge>

1974:

Explosives placed in two central pubs in Birmingham, England,
killed 21 people and injured 182 others, and eventually led to the
arrest and imprisonment of six people who were later exonerated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_pub_bombings>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

yana:
(Buddhism) Any of the three modes or methods of Buddhist spiritual
practice; Mahayana, Hinayana and Vajrayana.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yana>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Virtue supposes liberty, as the carrying of a burden supposes
active force. Under coercion there is no virtue, and without virtue
there is no religion. Make a slave of me, and I shall be no better for
it. Even the sovereign has no right to use coercion to lead men to
religion, which by its nature supposes choice and liberty. My thought is
no more subject to authority than is sickness or health.  
--Voltaire
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltaire>

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[Daily article] November 20: Vijayanagara literature in Kannada Published On

Vijayanagara literature in Kannada is the body of literature composed in
the Kannada language of South India during the Vijayanagar Empire
(14th–16th centuries). The Vijayanagara empire was established in 1336
by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I. The empire is named after
its capital city Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround modern Hampi, now a
World Heritage Site in Karnataka (Virupaksha Temple pictured). Kannada
literature during this period consisted of writings relating to the
socio-religious developments of the Veerashaiva and Vaishnava faiths,
and to a lesser extent to that of Jainism. Authors included poets,
scholars, and members of the royal family, their ministers, army
commanders of rank, and nobility. Writers popularised use of the native
metres: shatpadi (six-line verse), sangatya (compositions meant to be
sung to the accompaniment of a musical instrument), and tripadi (three-
line verse). The development of Veerashaiva literature was at its peak
during the reign of King Deva Raya II, the best-known of the Sangama
Dynasty rulers. The rule of King Krishnadeva Raya of the Tuluva Dynasty
and his successors was a high point in Vaishnava literature.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

284:

Diocletian (bust pictured) became Roman emperor, eventually
establishing reforms that ended the Crisis of the Third Century.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian>

1739:

War of Jenkins' Ear: A British naval force captured the
settlement of Portobello in the Spanish Main (modern Panama).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Porto_Bello>

1902:

While discussing how to promote the newspaper L'Auto, sports
journalist Géo Lefèvre came up with the idea of holding a cycling race
that later became known as the Tour de France.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France>

1968:

An explosion at a coal mine in West Virginia, US, killed 78
people and served as the catalyst for several new laws that were passed
to protect miners.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmington_Mine_disaster>

1994:

In accordance with the Lusaka Protocol, the Angolan government
signed a ceasefire with UNITA rebels in a failed attempt to end the
Angolan Civil War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka_Protocol>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

spoiler:
1. One who spoils; a plunderer, pillager, despoiler.
2. A document, review or comment that discloses the ending or some key
surprise or twist in a story.
3. (automotive) A device to reduce lift and increase downforce.
4. (US, chiefly politics, sports) An individual, unable to win themselves,
who spoils the chances of another's victory.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spoiler>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Many of the world's great movements, of thought and action,
have flowed from the work of a single man. A young monk began the
Protestant Reformation, a young general extended an empire from
Macedonia to the borders of the earth, and a young woman reclaimed the
territory of France. It was a young Italian explorer who discovered the
New World, and 32-year-old Thomas Jefferson who proclaimed that all men
are created equal. "Give me a place to stand," said Archimedes, "and I
will move the world." These men moved the world, and so can we all.
 
--Robert F. Kennedy
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy>

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[Daily article] November 19: Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar Published On

The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar was a fifty-cent piece struck
intermittently by the United States Bureau of the Mint between 1926 and
1939. The coin was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser and James Earle
Fraser, and honors those who traveled the Oregon Trail and settled the
Pacific Coast of the United States. Ohio-born Ezra Meeker had traveled
the Trail with his family in 1852 and spent the final two decades of his
long life publicizing the Trail. In 1926, at age 95, he appeared before
a Senate committee, requesting that the government issue a commemorative
coin to raise money for markers to show where the Trail had been. The
many varieties produced after Meeker's death in 1928 came to be
considered ripoffs, and in 1939 Congress ended the series. The Oregon
Trail Memorial Association, distributor of the coin, had difficulty in
selling them, and they remained available from the OTMA's successor
organization as late as 1953. Just over 260,000 of the 6,000,000
authorized coins were struck, of which about 60,000 were melted. The US
commemorative coin struck over the longest period, the Oregon Trail
Memorial half dollar has been widely praised for its design.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail_Memorial_half_dollar>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1493:

Christopher Columbus became the first European to land on
Puerto Rico, naming it San Juan Bautista after John the Baptist.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico>

1816:

The University of Warsaw (main gate pictured), currently the
largest university in Poland, was established as Congress Poland found
itself a territory without a university.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Warsaw>

1941:

World War II: The Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and the
German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran destroyed each other in the Indian
Ocean.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_between_HMAS_Sydney_and_German_auxiliary_cruiser_Kormoran>

1969:

Playing for Santos against Vasco da Gama in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazilian footballer Pelé scored his 1000th goal.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9>

1994:

The first National Lottery draw in the United Kingdom was held,
with seven winners sharing a prize of £5,874,778.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lottery_(United_Kingdom)>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

omega:
1. The final letter of the Greek alphabet.
2. (idiomatic) The end; the final, last or ultimate in a series.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/omega>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  First of all, everyone must acknowledge and feel that child
slavery still exists in the world, in its ugliest face and form. And
this is an evil, which is crime against humanity, which is intolerable,
which is unacceptable and which must go. That sense of recognition must
be developed first of all. And secondly there is a need of higher
amounts of political will. There is a need of higher amount of corporate
engagement, and the engagement of the public towards it. So, everybody
has a responsibility to save and protect the children on this planet.
 
--Kailash Satyarthi
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi>

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[Daily article] November 18: Siege of Godesberg Published On

The Siege of Godesberg, 18 November – 17 December 1583, was the first
major siege of the Cologne War (1583–89). A formidable 13th-century
fortress, the Godesburg (pictured c. 1500), sat on top of the
Godesberg mountain, towering over the Rhine valley. It commanded the
roads leading to Bonn, the Elector of Cologne's capital city, and
Cologne, the region's economic powerhouse. By the mid-16th century, the
Godesburg was considered nearly impregnable and had become a symbol of
the dual power of the Prince-electors and Archbishops of Cologne.
Bavarian and mercenary soldiers surrounded the mountain and the village
then of the same name, now Bad Godesberg, at its foot. The Godesburg
resisted a lengthy cannonade by the attacking army; finally, sappers
tunneled into the the mountain and blew up a significant part of the
fortifications. This killed many of the defenders, but the remainder
offered staunch resistance and the Bavarians had to enter the castle's
inner courtyard through the latrine system to succeed. The Godesburg's
commander negotiated safe passage for himself, his wife and his
lieutenant. The others who were left in the keep—men, women and
children—were killed.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Godesberg>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1812:

Napoleonic Wars: During Napoleon's invasion of Russia, Marshal
Michel Ney's leadership in the Battle of Krasnoi earned him the nickname
"the bravest of the brave" despite the overwhelming French defeat.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnoi>

1872:

American suffragette Susan B. Anthony was arrested and fined
$100 for having voted in the U.S. presidential election in Rochester,
New York, two weeks prior.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony>

1928:

Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie, the first completely post-
produced synchronized sound animated cartoon, was released.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat_Willie>

1987:

In London, an underground fire killed 31 people at King's Cross
St Pancras.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Cross_fire>

1991:

Croatian War of Independence: Yugoslav People's Army forces
captured the Croatian city of Vukovar, ending an 87-day siege.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

full circle:
1. Through a rotation or revolution that ends at the starting point.
2. (idiomatic) Through a cycle of transition, returning to where one
started after gaining experience or exploring other things.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/full_circle>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The world is so full of people, so crowded with these miracles
that they become commonplace and we forget... I forget. We gaze
continually at the world and it grows dull in our perceptions. Yet seen
from the another's vantage point, as if new, it may still take our
breath away. Come... dry your eyes, for you are life, rarer than a quark
and unpredictable beyond the dreams of Heisenberg. Come, dry your eyes.
And let's go home.  
--Watchmen
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Watchmen>

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[Daily article] November 17: Not My Life Published On

Not My Life is a 2011 American independent documentary film about human
trafficking and contemporary slavery. The film was written, produced,
and directed by Robert Bilheimer (pictured in Senegal during filming),
who had been asked to make the film by Antonio Maria Costa, executive
director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Not My Life
addresses many forms of slavery, including the military use of children
in Uganda, involuntary servitude in the United States, forced begging
and garbage picking in India, sex trafficking in Europe and Southeast
Asia, and other kinds of child abuse. Fifty people are interviewed in
the film, including Don Brewster of Agape International Missions, who
says that all of the girls they have rescued from child sex tourism in
Cambodia identify Americans as the clients who were the most abusive to
them. The film was dedicated to Richard Young, its cinematographer and
co-director, after he died in December 2010. It had its premiere the
following month at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New
York City. Not My Life was named Best World Documentary at the 2012
Harlem International Film Festival.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_My_Life>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1292:

John Balliol was chosen to be King of Scots over Robert de
Brus.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol>

1839:

Giuseppe Verdi's first opera Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio,
was first performed at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberto_(opera)>

1950:

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama (pictured), was enthroned as
Tibet's head of state at the age of fifteen.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama>

1993:

General Sani Abacha ousted Ernest Shonekan to become chairman
of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sani_Abacha>

2009:

Administrators at the Climatic Research Unit at the University
of East Anglia discovered that their servers had been hacked and
thousands of emails and files on climate change had been stolen.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

rory:
1. (obsolete) Covered by dew.
2. (obsolete) Of gaudy, tasteless, or unsubtle colors.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rory>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  In everything that lives, if one looks searchingly, is limned
the shadow line of an idea — an idea, dead or living, sometimes
stronger when dead, with rigid, unswerving lines that mark the living
embodiment with the stern immobile cast of the non-living. Daily we move
among these unyielding shadows, less pierceable, more enduring than
granite, with the blackness of ages in them, dominating living, changing
bodies, with dead, unchanging souls. And we meet, also, living souls
dominating dying bodies — living ideas regnant over decay and death.
 
--Voltairine de Cleyre
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre>

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[Daily article] November 16: Hurricane Claudette (2003) Published On

Hurricane Claudette was the third tropical storm and first hurricane of
the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. A fairly long-lived July Atlantic
hurricane, Claudette began as a tropical wave in the eastern Caribbean.
It moved quickly westward, brushing past the Yucatán Peninsula before
moving northwestward through the Gulf of Mexico. Claudette remained a
tropical storm until just before making landfall in Port O'Connor,
Texas, when it quickly strengthened to a strong Category 1 hurricane.
Forecasting its path and intensity was uncertain, resulting in
widespread and often unnecessary preparations along its path. Claudette
was the first hurricane to make landfall in July in the United States
since Hurricane Danny in the 1997 season. The hurricane caused one death
and moderate damage in Texas, mostly from strong winds, as well as
extensive beach erosion. Because of the damage, President George W. Bush
declared portions of South Texas as a Federal Disaster Area, allowing
the affected citizens to apply for aid. Claudette also caused
significant rainfall and minor damage in the Mexican state of Quintana
Roo, as well as minor damage on Saint Lucia.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Claudette_(2003)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1776:

American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units captured
Fort Washington from the Patriots.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington>

1885:

After a five-day trial following the North-West Rebellion,
Louis Riel (pictured), Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father
of Manitoba", was executed by hanging for high treason.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Riel>

1944:

Operation Queen commenced in Düren, Germany, with one of the
heaviest Allied tactical bombing attacks of the Second World War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Queen>

1959:

The Sound of Music, a musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein based
on The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, opened on Broadway at the
Lunt-Fontanne Theatre.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music>

1989:

Eight employees of Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón
Cañas" in San Salvador, including six Catholic priests, were murdered
by a Salvadoran Army "death squad".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_UCA_scholars>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

kraal:
1. In Central and Southern Africa, a rural village of huts surrounded by a
stockade.
2. An enclosure for livestock.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kraal>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  There is a spiritual obligation, there is a task to be
done. It is not, however, something as simple as following a set of
somebody else's rules. The noetic enterprise is a primary obligation
toward being. Our salvation is linked to it. Not everyone has to read
alchemical texts or study superconducting biomolecules to make the
transition. Most people make it naively by thinking clearly about the
present at hand, but we intellectuals are trapped in a world of too much
information. Innocence is gone for us. We cannot expect to cross the
rainbow bridge through a good act of contrition; that will not be
sufficient. We have to understand.  
--Terence McKenna
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Terence_McKenna>

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[Daily article] November 15: Metroid Prime 2: Echoes Published On

Metroid Prime 2: Echoes is a first-person, action-adventure video game
developed by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the GameCube
video game console. It is the seventh published game in the Metroid
series, a direct sequel to Metroid Prime, and the first game in the
series with a multiplayer feature. Echoes was released in North America,
Europe, and Australia in 2004, and in Japan the following year. The
story follows bounty hunter Samus Aran as she explores Aether, a planet
that is infested with the Ing, an evil race from an alternate dimension.
Samus must travel to three temples to ensure the destruction of the Ing,
while battling Space Pirates and her mysterious doppelgänger called
Dark Samus. Retro decided to make the game different from its
predecessor by adding more focus on storyline and including new gameplay
elements. The game's single player mode and graphics were praised by
critics, while its steep difficulty level and multiplayer components
were met less positively. Echoes received several video game industry
awards, as well as spots on "top games" lists by Nintendo Power and IGN.
Over 800,000 copies of the game have been sold worldwide.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metroid_Prime_2:_Echoes>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

655:

Penda of Mercia was defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria at the
Battle of the Winwaed in modern-day Yorkshire, England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia>

1864:

American Civil War: Union Army General William T. Sherman began
his "March to the Sea", inflicting significant damage to property and
infrastructure on his way from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman>

1889:

Brazilian Emperor Pedro II was overthrown in a coup led by
Deodoro da Fonseca, and Brazil was proclaimed a republic.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_and_fall_of_Pedro_II_of_Brazil>

1959:

Two men murdered a family in Holcomb, Kansas, US; the events
became the subject of Truman Capote's non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, a
pioneering work of the true crime genre.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Cold_Blood>

2012:

After ten years as General Secretary of the Communist Party of
China Hu Jintao stepped down and was replaced by Xi Jinping.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

Easter egg:
1. A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and
usually hidden for children to find.
2. A chocolate confection in the shape of an egg.
3. (computing) An undocumented function hidden in a program or video game,
typically triggered by a particular input sequence or combination of
keystrokes.
4. Any image, feature, or other content that is hidden on a video disc, or
in a movie, trailer, or poster.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Easter_egg>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  You are not male or female, but a plan deep-set within the heart
of man.  
--Marianne Moore
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marianne_Moore>

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[Daily article] November 14: Harold Larwood Published On

Harold Larwood (1904–1995) was a professional cricketer for
Nottinghamshire and England between 1924 and 1938. A right-arm fast
bowler, he was considered by many commentators to be the finest bowler
of his generation. He was the main exponent of the bowling style known
as "bodyline", developed under the guidance of England's combative
captain Douglas Jardine as a response to the domination of Australia's
leading batsman, Don Bradman. The tactic was used with considerable
success in the 1932–33 Test series, but the Australians' description
of the method as "unsportsmanlike" soured cricketing relations between
the two countries. Larwood refused to apologise for his bowling, as he
was carrying out his captain's instructions, and never played for
England again. In retirement after the Second World War, he and his
family emigrated to Australia, where he was warmly welcomed, in contrast
to his cricketing days. He paid several subsequent visits to England,
and was honoured at his old county ground, Trent Bridge, where a stand
was named after him. In 1993 he was appointed a Member of the Order of
the British Empire (MBE), in delayed recognition of his services to
cricket.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Larwood>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1910:

Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performed the first takeoff from a
ship (pictured), flying from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in
Hampton Roads, Virginia, US.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Burton_Ely>

1941:

Second World War: After suffering torpedo damage the previous
day, the British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (91) sank as she was
being towed to Gibraltar for repairs.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Ark_Royal_(91)>

1970:

Southern Airways Flight 932, chartered by the Marshall
University football team, crashed into a hill near Ceredo, West
Virginia, US, killing all 75 people on board.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Airways_Flight_932>

1984:

Cesar Climaco, mayor of Zamboanga City, the Philippines, was
assassinated by an unknown gunman.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Climaco>

2010:

Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel won the Drivers'
Championship after winning the final race of the season to become the
youngest Formula One champion ever.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Vettel>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

minyan:
The minimum number of ten adult Jews required for a communal religious
service.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minyan>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Even if God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent Him,
so Voltaire said … Perhaps that is true, and indeed the mind of man
has always been fashioning some such mental image or conception which
grew with the mind's growth. But there is something also in the reverse
proposition: even if God exist, it may be desirable not to look up to
Him or to rely upon Him. Too much dependence on supernatural forces may
lead, and has often led, to loss of self-reliance in man, and to a
blunting of his capacity and creative ability. And yet some faith seems
necessary in things of the spirit which are beyond the scope of our
physical world, some reliance on moral, spiritual, and idealistic
conceptions, or else we have no anchorage, no objectives or purpose in
life. Whether we believe in God or not, it is impossible not to believe
in something, whether we call it a creative life-giving force, or vital
energy inherent in matter which gives it its capacity for self-movement
and change and growth, or by some other name, something that is as real,
though elusive, as life is real when contrasted with death.  
--Jawaharlal Nehru
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru>

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[Daily article] November 13: Sadie Harris Published On

Sadie Harris is a recurring fictional character from the American
television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, played by actress Melissa
George (pictured). Introduced in November 2008 as a surgical intern who
has an old companionship with the series' protagonist Meredith Grey
(Ellen Pompeo), Harris eventually forms a friendship with Lexie Grey
(Chyler Leigh), and departs after it is revealed she cheated her way
into the surgical program. George's original contract included
appearances in eight to eleven episodes of season five, with the
possibility of becoming a series regular. Harris was originally planned
to be a romantic foil for Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith) and Callie Torres
(Sara Ramirez), but the role was retooled after the former left. After
some speculation about the character's future, it was confirmed that she
would not be joining the series; the final episode to include Harris was
broadcast in February 2009. In response to assertions that Harris left
to "de-gay" Grey's Anatomy, George explained that it was her own
decision to leave. The character received mixed feedback from critics,
and has been characterized as "naughty", "mischievous", and "nutty".

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadie_Harris>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1002:

King Æthelred II ordered the massacre of all Danes in
England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brice%27s_Day_massacre>

1642:

First English Civil War: The Royalist army engaged the much
larger Parliamentarian army at the Battle of Turnham Green near Turnham
Green, Middlesex.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Turnham_Green>

1914:

Zaian War: Zaian Berber tribesmen routed French forces in
Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_El_Herri>

1954:

Great Britain defeated France at the Parc des Princes in Paris
to win the first Rugby League World Cup.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_League_World_Cup>

1989:

Hans-Adam II (pictured), reigning Prince of Liechtenstein, took
the throne upon the death of his father.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Adam_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

adipose:
1. Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat.
2. Slightly overweight, somewhat fat and hence soft.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adipose>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Inasmuch as love grows in you, in so much beauty grows; for love
is itself the beauty of the soul.  
--Augustine of Hippo
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo>

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[Daily article] November 12: Jo Stafford Published On

Jo Stafford (1917–2008) was an American traditional pop music singer
and occasional actress whose career spanned five decades. Admired for
the purity of her voice, she achieved by 1955 more worldwide record
sales than any other woman artist. Born in Coalinga, California,
Stafford made her first musical appearance at age twelve. She was
trained as an opera singer before turning to popular music. With her two
older sisters, she appeared in Alexander's Ragtime Band in 1938, where
she met musicians with whom she formed the The Pied Pipers and became
the group's lead singer. Her work with the USO, giving concerts for
soldiers, earned her the nickname "G.I. Jo". From 1945, Stafford was a
regular host of the NBC series The Chesterfield Supper Club and later
appeared on television including two series called The Jo Stafford Show.
In 1961, the album Jonathan and Darlene Edwards in Paris won Stafford
her only Grammy Award. In the 1970s, she recorded a cover of the Bee
Gees hit "Stayin' Alive". Her work is recognized by three stars on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame. Her 1952 song "You Belong to Me" made her the
first woman to reach number one on the U.K. Singles Chart.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Stafford>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1330:

Led by voivode Basarab I, Wallachian forces defeated the
Hungarian army in an ambush at the Battle of Posada.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Posada>

1892:

William Heffelfinger was paid $525 by the Allegheny Athletic
Association, becoming the first professional American football player on
record.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Heffelfinger>

1944:

Second World War: The Royal Air Force sank the German
battleship Tirpitz on the ninth attempt, resulting in about 1,000 deaths
of the sailors on board.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz>

1996:

A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakhstan Airlines
cargo plane collided in mid-air near New Delhi, killing 349 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkhi_Dadri_mid-air_collision>

2006:

Although the Georgian government declared it illegal, South
Ossetia held a referendum on independence, with about 99 percent of
voters supporting, to preserve the region's status as a de facto
independent state.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Ossetian_independence_referendum,_2006>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

peri:
A sprite or supernatural being in Persian mythology.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peri>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  God's purpose in sending His Prophets unto men is twofold. The
first is to liberate the children of men from the darkness of ignorance,
and guide them to the light of true understanding. The second is to
ensure the peace and tranquillity of mankind, and provide all the means
by which they can be established.  
--Bahá'u'lláh
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h>

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[Daily article] November 11: Goodbyeee Published On

"Goodbyeee" is the sixth and final episode of the British historical
sitcom Blackadder '​s fourth series, entitled Blackadder Goes Forth.
First broadcast on BBC One on 2 November 1989, shortly before Armistice
Day, the episode depicts its main characters' final hours before a
British offensive on the Western Front of the First World War, and the
failed attempts of Captain Blackadder, played by Rowan Atkinson
(pictured), to escape his fate by feigning madness. After he cannot
convince General Melchett, and Field Marshal Haig's advice is useless,
he is resigned to take part in the push. It has a darker tone than other
episodes in the series, culminating with the main characters charging
into no-man's land under machine-gun fire. The episode's theme of death
ties in with the series' use of gallows humour and its criticism and
satire of war. Richard Curtis and Ben Elton wrote the episode, and
additional material was provided by its cast members. Its slow-motion
final sequence showing the main characters going "over the top" has
often been voted one of the greatest moments in television.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodbyeee>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1805:

War of the Third Coalition: French, Austrian and Russian units
all suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Dürenstein.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein>

1839:

The Virginia Military Institute, currently the oldest state
military college in the United States, was founded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Military_Institute>

1889:

Washington, named in honor of the first U.S. president, was
admitted to the United States as the 42nd state.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(state)>

1934:

The Shrine of Remembrance (pictured), a memorial to all
Australians who have served in war, opened in Melbourne.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrine_of_Remembrance>

1999:

The House of Lords Act was given royal assent, removing most
hereditary peers from the British House of Lords.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords_Act_1999>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

rumpty:
(New Zealand) Having a quality below standard; in a state of disrepair.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rumpty>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  About belief or lack of belief in an afterlife: Some of
you may know that I am neither Christian nor Jewish nor Buddhist, nor a
conventionally religious person of any sort. I am a humanist, which
means, in part, that I have tried to behave decently without any
expectation of rewards or punishments after I'm dead. My German-American
ancestors, the earliest of whom settled in our Middle West about the
time of our Civil War, called themselves "Freethinkers," which is the
same sort of thing. My great grandfather Clemens Vonnegut wrote, for
example, "If what Jesus said was good, what can it matter whether he was
God or not?" I myself have written, "If it weren't for the message of
mercy and pity in Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, I wouldn't want to be a
human being. I would just as soon be a rattlesnake."  
--Kurt Vonnegut
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut>

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[Daily article] November 10: Ontario Highway 401 Published On

Highway 401 is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario
stretching 817.9 kilometres (508.2 mi). The portion that passes through
Toronto is the busiest highway in the world, and one of the widest
(18 lanes pictured near Toronto Pearson International Airport). By the
end of 1952, three individual highways were numbered "Highway 401": the
partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11;
Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle; and the Scenic Highway
between Gananoque and Brockville. The route was expanded across the
province, and became fully navigable from Windsor to the Quebec border
on November 10, 1964. In 1965 it was designated the Macdonald–Cartier
Freeway, in honour of the Fathers of Confederation, and it became a
freeway for its entire length in 1968. A portion of the highway was
designated the Highway of Heroes in 2007, as the road is travelled by
funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to
the coroner's office in Toronto. In 2011 construction began on a
westward extension of Highway 401 that will be known as the Herb Gray
Parkway and extend to Interstate 75 via a new international crossing.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1202:

The first major action of the Fourth Crusade and the first
attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders, the Siege of Zara,
began in Zadar, Croatia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Zara>

1871:

Journalist and explorer Henry Morton Stanley located missing
missionary and explorer David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika
in present-day Tanzania.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Livingstone>

1940:

A magnitude 7.7 ML earthquake struck the Vrancea region of
Romania, the country's strongest earthquake in the 20th century.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Vrancea_earthquake>

1958:

Merchant Harry Winston donated the Hope Diamond (pictured), the
"most famous diamond in the world", to the Smithsonian Institution.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Diamond>

2006:

Prominent Sri Lankan Tamil politician and human rights lawyer
Nadarajah Raviraj was assassinated in Colombo.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadarajah_Raviraj>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

xoanon:
(historical) A wooden statue, used as a cult image in Ancient Greece.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xoanon>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  It's astonishing how much trouble one can get oneself into, if
one works at it. And astonishing how much trouble one can get oneself
out of, if one simply assumes that everything will, somehow or other,
work out for the best.  
--The Sandman
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Sandman#The_Wake>

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[Daily article] November 9: SMS Emden (1908) Published On

SMS Emden was the second and final member of the Dresden class of light
cruisers built for the Imperial German Navy. Named for the town of
Emden, she was completed in July 1909 at the Imperial Dockyard in
Danzig, and spent most of her career with the German East Asia Squadron,
based in Tsingtao, China. At the outbreak of World War I, Emden captured
a Russian steamer and converted her into the commerce raider Cormoran.
In October 1914, Emden launched a surprise attack on Penang, sinking the
Russian cruiser Zhemchug and the French destroyer Mousquet.
Emden '​s commander, Karl von Müller, then took her to raid the
Cocos Islands, where he landed a contingent of sailors to destroy
British facilities. On 9 November 1914, Emden was attacked by the
Australian cruiser HMAS Sydney, a more powerful ship, and seriously
damaged. Müller ran his ship aground to prevent her from sinking. Out
of a crew of 376, 133 were killed in the battle. Most of the survivors
were taken prisoner, though the landing party commandeered an old
schooner and eventually returned to Germany. Emden '​s wreck was
quickly destroyed by wave action, but was not broken up for scrap until
the 1950s.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Emden_(1908)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1822:

USS Alligator engaged three piratical schooners off the coast
of Cuba in one of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United
States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_of_9_November_1822>

1914:

First World War: In the Cocos Islands, the Australian light
cruiser HMAS Sydney sank SMS Emden, the last active Central Powers
warship in the Indian Ocean.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cocos>

1938:

Kristallnacht began as SA stormtroopers and civilians destroyed
and ransacked Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues in Germany and
Austria, resulting in at least 90 deaths and the deportation of over
25,000 others to concentration camps.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallnacht>

1985:

At age 22, Garry Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed
World Chess Champion by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov>

1989:

East Germany announced the opening of the inner German border
and the Berlin Wall (pictured), marking the symbolic end of the Cold
War, the impending collapse of the Warsaw Pact, and the beginning of the
end of Soviet communism.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_German_border>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

dematerialize:
1. (intransitive) to disappear by becoming immaterial.
2. (transitive) to cause something to disappear by becoming immaterial.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dematerialize>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The truth may be puzzling. It may take some work to grapple
with. It may be counterintuitive. It may contradict deeply held
prejudices. It may not be consonant with what we desperately want to be
true. But our preferences do not determine what's true. We have a
method, and that method helps us to reach not absolute truth, only
asymptotic approaches to the truth — never there, just closer and
closer, always finding vast new oceans of undiscovered possibilities.
Cleverly designed experiments are the key.  
--Carl Sagan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan>

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[Daily article] November 8: Pelican Published On

Pelicans are a genus of large water birds comprising the family
Pelecanidae. They are characterised by a long beak and large throat
pouch used for catching prey and draining water from the scooped up
contents before swallowing. They have predominantly pale plumage, the
exceptions being the brown and Peruvian pelicans. The bills, pouches and
bare facial skin of all species become brightly coloured before the
breeding season. The eight living pelican species (great white pelican
pictured) have a patchy global distribution, ranging latitudinally from
the tropics to the temperate zone. They frequent inland and coastal
waters where they feed principally on fish, catching them at or near the
water surface. Gregarious birds, they often hunt cooperatively and breed
colonially. Four white-plumaged species tend to nest on the ground, and
four brown or grey-plumaged species nest mainly in trees. The birds have
been persecuted because of their perceived competition with fishers, and
have suffered from habitat destruction, disturbance and environmental
pollution. They have a long history of cultural significance in
mythology, and in Christian and heraldic iconography.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelican>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1576:

The provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands signed the
Pacification of Ghent, to make peace with the rebelling provinces
Holland and Zeeland, and also to form an alliance to drive the occupying
Spanish out of the country.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacification_of_Ghent>

1644:

The Shunzhi Emperor (pictured), the third emperor of the Qing
dynasty, was enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty
as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor>

1861:

American Civil War: The USS San Jacinto stopped the British
mailship Trent and arrested two Confederate envoys en route to Europe,
sparking a major diplomatic crisis between the United Kingdom and the
United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Affair>

1965:

American journalist Dorothy Kilgallen was found dead in her New
York City townhouse, in what was rumored to be a murder because of
information she had regarding controversial stories such as the John F.
Kennedy assassination.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Kilgallen>

1987:

A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded during a
Remembrance Sunday ceremony in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, killing at
least eleven people and injuring sixty-three others.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remembrance_Day_bombing>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

turlough:
(Ireland) A temporary lake in an area of limestone, filled by rising
groundwater during the rainy winter season.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turlough>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  God willeth that we endlessly hate the sin and endlessly love
the soul, as God loveth it.  
--Julian of Norwich
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich>

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[Daily article] November 7: Bob Windle Published On

Bob Windle (born 1944) is a former Australian freestyle swimmer. He won
the 1500 m freestyle and took bronze in the 4 × 100 m freestyle
relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and silver and bronze in the
4 × 200 m and 4 × 100 m freestyle relays respectively at the
1968 Summer Olympics. He is the only male swimmer to represent Australia
at the Olympics in all freestyle distances from 100 m to 1500 m.
During his career, Windle set six world records, won six Commonwealth
Games gold medals, and won 19 Australian Championships in all distances
from 220 yd to 1650 yd. He won his first national title in 1961 and
made his international debut at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth
Games. After the 1964 Olympics, Windle enrolled at Indiana University,
and converted to sprint swimming. He competed in the 1966 British Empire
and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica, winning three competitions,
all in world record times. He competed in his second Olympics in Mexico
City in 1968, racing the 100 m and 200 m freestyle and the corresponding
relays. He retired after the games and worked for Allis-Chalmers in the
United States, before being transferred to their Australian division.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Windle>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

680:

The Sixth Ecumenical Council convened in Constantinople to take
a position on the theological positions of monoenergism and
monothelitism.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople>

1619:

Elizabeth Stuart (pictured), a direct ancestor of Elizabeth II
of the United Kingdom, was crowned Queen of Bohemia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia>

1837:

American abolitionist Elijah Parish Lovejoy was murdered by a
pro-slavery mob in Alton, Illinois, during their attack on his warehouse
to destroy his printing press and abolitionist materials.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy>

1917:

World War I: British forces captured Gaza when the Ottoman
garrison abandoned the area.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza>

1996:

NASA launched the Mars Global Surveyor from the Kennedy Space
Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

Cassandra:
A person who makes dire predictions, especially those which are not
believed but turn out to be true.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cassandra>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  A character is never the author who created him. It is quite
likely, however, that an author may be all his characters
simultaneously.  
--Albert Camus
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albert_Camus>

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