[Daily article] October 31: Cucurbita Published On

Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of vines in the gourd family,
native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide,
variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species,
variety, and local parlance. The fruits have played a role in human
culture for at least 2,000 years. First cultivated in the Americas
before being brought to Europe by returning explorers, the plants remain
an important food source. Most Cucurbita species are herbaceous vines
that grow several meters in length and have tendrils, but bush cultivars
of C. pepo and C. maxima have also been developed. Many North and
Central American species are visited by honey bees, as well as
specialist bees that pollinate only a single species. Most of the
domesticated species can be considered winter squash, since the full-
grown fruits can be stored for months. Their extracts have many uses,
including in cosmetics for dry and sensitive skin. The fruits are also
good sources of vitamins and minerals in foods such as pumpkin pie,
biscuits, bread, desserts, puddings, beverages, and soups.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

475:

Romulus Augustulus took the throne as the last ruling emperor of
the Western Roman Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus>

1517:

According to traditional accounts, Martin Luther first posted
his Ninety-Five Theses onto the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg,
present-day Germany, marking the beginning of the Protestant
Reformation.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ninety-Five_Theses>

1917:

World War I: Allied forces defeated Turkish troops in Beersheba
in Southern Palestine at the Battle of Beersheba, often reported as "the
last successful cavalry charge in history".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)>

1973:

Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escaped from
Mountjoy Prison in Dublin after a hijacked helicopter landed in the
prison's exercise yard.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape>

2011:

The United Nations declared that the world's population had
exceeded seven billion.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_Billion_Actions>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

zombocalypse:
(slang, fiction) The breakdown of society as a result of a zombie
outbreak
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zombocalypse>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  If I should die, I have left no immortal work behind me —
nothing to make my friends proud of my memory — but I have loved the
principle of beauty in all things, and if I had had time I would have
made myself remembered.  
--John Keats
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Keats>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 30: Fremantle Prison Published On

Fremantle Prison was built in Fremantle, Western Australia, between 1851
and 1859 using convict labour. Royal Commissions in 1898 and 1911
instigated some prison reforms, but after World War II, significant
reforms lagged behind those occurring elsewhere in Australia and the
world. Improvements in the late 1960s and early 1970s included an
officer training school, social workers, welfare officers, and work
release and community service programs. Punishments varied over the
years, with flogging and leg irons eventually replaced by lengthening of
sentences and restriction from visitors or entertainment. More than 40
hangings were carried out at Fremantle Prison, which was Western
Australia's only lawful place of execution between 1888 and 1984. There
were major riots in 1968 and 1988; in the second one, guards were taken
hostage, and fire damage totalled $1.8 million (in 1988 Australian
dollars). The prison closed in 1991, replaced by the new maximum-
security Casuarina Prison. Since then, Fremantle Prison has become a
tourist attraction and World Heritage Site.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremantle_Prison>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1806:

War of the Fourth Coalition: Believing they were massively
outnumbered, the 5,300-man German garrison at Stettin, Prussia (now
Szczecin, Poland), surrendered to a much smaller French force without a
fight.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitulation_of_Stettin>

1888:

King Lobengula of Matabeleland granted the Rudd Concession to
agents of Cecil Rhodes, setting in motion the creation of the British
South Africa Company.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudd_Concession>

1938:

The radio drama The War of the Worlds, based on the science
fiction novella by English writer H. G. Wells, frightened many listeners
in the United States into believing that an actual Martian invasion was
in progress.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds_(radio_drama)>

1965:

English model Jean Shrimpton wore a controversially short
minidress to Derby Day at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia
– a pivotal moment of the introduction of the miniskirt to women's
fashion.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_shift_dress_of_Jean_Shrimpton>

1995:

In a referendum, 50.58 percent of voters supported the province
of Quebec remaining a part of Canada, narrowly averting sovereignty.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_referendum,_1995>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

circumlocution:
1. A roundabout or indirect way of speaking; the use of more words than
necessary to express an idea.
2. A roundabout expression.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circumlocution>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We think ourselves possessed, or, at least, we boast that we are
so, of liberty of conscience on all subjects, and of the right of free
inquiry and private judgment in all cases, and yet how far are we from
these exalted privileges in fact!  
--John Adams
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Adams>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 29: Telescopium Published On

Telescopium is a minor constellation in the southern celestial
hemisphere, one of twelve created in the 18th century by French
astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille and one of several depicting
scientific instruments. Its name is a Latinized form of the Greek word
for telescope. Telescopium was later much reduced in size by Francis
Baily and Benjamin Gould. The brightest star in the constellation is
Alpha Telescopii, a blue-white subgiant with an apparent magnitude of
3.5, followed by the orange giant star Zeta Telescopii at magnitude 4.1.
Eta and PZ Telescopii are two young star systems with debris disks and
brown dwarf companions. Telescopium hosts two unusual stars with very
little hydrogen that are likely to be the result of merged white dwarfs:
HD 168476, also known as PV Telescopii, is a hot blue extreme helium
star, while RS Telescopii is an R Coronae Borealis variable. RR
Telescopii is a cataclysmic variable that brightened to magnitude 6 in
1948 as a nova.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopium>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1618:

English courtier and explorer Walter Raleigh was executed in
London after King James I reinstated a fifteen-year-old death sentence
against him.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Raleigh>

1863:

American Civil War: The Battle of Wauhatchie, one of the few
night battles of the war, concluded with the Union Army opening a supply
line to troops in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wauhatchie>

1917:

The Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet,
in charge of preparing for and carrying out the Russian Revolution, was
established.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrograd_Military_Revolutionary_Committee>

1969:

A student at UCLA sent the first message on the ARPANET, the
precursor to the Internet, to a computer at Stanford Research Institute.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET>

2013:

The first phase of the Marmaray project opened with an undersea
rail tunnel across the Bosphorus strait.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmaray>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

coquette:
A woman who flirts or plays with men's affections.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coquette>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Only the mediocre are always at their best.  
--Jean Giraudoux
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jean_Giraudoux>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 28: Battle of Concepción Published On

The Battle of Concepción was fought on October 28, 1835, between
Mexican troops and Texian insurgents on the grounds of Mission
Concepción (pictured in 2010), 2 miles (3.2 km) south of what is now
Downtown San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. The day before, Stephen
F. Austin, commander of the newly created Texian Army, had sent James
Bowie, James Fannin, and 90 soldiers to find a defensible spot for the
army to rest. After choosing a site near Mission Concepción, the
scouting party camped for the night and sent a courier to notify Austin.
Upon learning that the army was divided, General Martín Perfecto de Cos
sent Colonel Domingo Ugartechea with 275 soldiers to attack the scouting
party. The Texians took cover in a horseshoe-shaped gully; their good
defensive position, longer firing range, and better ammunition helped
them repel several attacks, and the Mexican soldiers retreated just 30
minutes before the remainder of the Texian Army arrived. Historians
estimate that between 14 and 76 Mexican soldiers were killed, while only
one Texian soldier died.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Concepci%C3%B3n>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1707:

The Hōei earthquake ruptured all of the segments of the Nankai
megathrust simultaneously—the only earthquake known to have done
this—with an estimated magnitude of 8.6 ML.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707_H%C5%8Dei_earthquake>

1886:

In New York Harbor, U.S. President Grover Cleveland dedicated
the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, to commemorate the centennial
of the Declaration of Independence.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty>

1915:

Richard Strauss conducted the first performance of his tone
poem An Alpine Symphony in Berlin.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Alpine_Symphony>

1940:

The Balkans Campaign in World War II: Italy invaded Greece
after Greek prime minister Ioannis Metaxas rejected Italian dictator
Benito Mussolini's ultimatum demanding the occupation of Greek
territory.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Italian_War>

1965:

In St. Louis, Missouri, US, the 630-foot (190 m) tall catenary
steel Gateway Arch was completed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_Arch>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

háček:
(orthography and typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually
resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and
ť resembling a prime (′) instead.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/h%C3%A1%C4%8Dek>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Aesthetic value is often the by-product of the artist striving to
do something else.  
--Evelyn Waugh
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 27: Oerip Soemohardjo Published On

Oerip Soemohardjo (1893–1948) was an Indonesian general and the first
chief of staff of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He trained in
Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to become a lieutenant in the Royal
Netherlands East Indies Army, and after almost 25 years of service was
the highest-ranking Native Indonesian officer in the country. He
resigned in 1938, but was recalled to active duty after Nazi Germany
invaded the Netherlands in May 1940. When the Empire of Japan occupied
Indonesia less than two years later, he was detained in a prisoner-of-
war camp for three and a half months. Indonesia proclaimed its
independence from the Netherlands in 1945; several months later, he was
declared the chief of staff and interim leader of the newly formed army.
Working to build a united force from the fractured former military
groups in the country, he oversaw army development during the Indonesian
National Revolution along with General Sudirman, the leader of the armed
forces. He has received several awards from the Indonesian government,
including the title National Hero of Indonesia.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerip_Soemohardjo>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1644:

English Civil War: The combined armies of Parliament inflicted
a tactical defeat on the Royalists, but failed to gain any strategic
advantage in the Second Battle of Newbury.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Newbury>

1838:

Governor of Missouri Lilburn Boggs issued Missouri Executive
Order 44, ordering all Mormons to leave the state or be killed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Executive_Order_44>

1958:

General Ayub Khan deposed Iskander Mirza in a bloodless coup
d'état to become the second President of Pakistan, less than three
weeks after Mirza had appointed him the enforcer of martial law.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)>

1981:

Cold War: Soviet Whiskey-class submarine U 137 ran aground near
Sweden's Karlskrona naval base, sparking an international incident
termed "Whiskey on the rocks".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_submarine_S-363>

2005:

The deaths of two Muslim youths in the Clichy-sous-Bois suburb
of Paris triggered four months of rioting by mostly youths of North
African origins in various parts of France.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_French_riots>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

miscellany:
1. Miscellaneous items.
2. A collection of writings on various subjects or topics; an anthology.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miscellany>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We must recognize that it is a cardinal sin against democracy to
support a man for public office because he belongs to a given creed or
to oppose him because he belongs to a given creed. It is just as evil as
to draw the line between class and class, between occupation and
occupation in political life. No man who tries to draw either line is a
good American. True Americanism demands that we judge each man on his
conduct, that we so judge him in private life and that we so judge him
in public life.  
--Theodore Roosevelt
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 26: Arthur Sifton Published On

Arthur Sifton (1858–1921) was the second Premier of Alberta from 1910
to 1917 and a minister in the Government of Canada thereafter. When
Alberta was created out of a portion of the Northwest Territories in
1905, Sifton became its first chief justice. In 1910 the Alberta
government of Premier Alexander Cameron Rutherford was embroiled in the
Alberta and Great Waterways Railway scandal; Rutherford resigned, and
the position was offered to Sifton. As premier, he failed to gain
provincial control over natural resources, but succeeded in implementing
some direct democracy measures, leading to prohibition and the extension
of the vote to women. During the conscription crisis of 1917, Sifton
supported the Conservative Prime Minister, Robert Borden, in his attempt
to impose conscription to help win the First World War. He backed the
creation of a Union government composed of Conservatives and pro-
conscription Liberals. In 1917 he left provincial politics and became a
minister in this government. Over the next three and a half years he
served briefly in four ministries and was a delegate to the Paris Peace
Conference of 1919.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Sifton>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1708:

The final stone of St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt after the
original burned down in the 1666 Great Fire of London, was laid by the
son of its architect, Christopher Wren.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral>

1881:

The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, one of the most famous
gunfights in the history of the American Old West, took place in
Tombstone, Arizona, between the faction of Wyatt Earp and Ike Clanton's
gang.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral>

1955:

Ngo Dinh Diem proclaimed himself president of the newly created
Republic of Vietnam after defeating former Emperor Bao Dai in a
fraudulent referendum supervised by his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Vietnam_referendum,_1955>

1985:

The Australian government returned ownership of Uluru, also
known as Ayers Rock, to the local Pitjantjatjara people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluru>

2000:

Laurent Gbagbo became the first President of Côte d'Ivoire
since Robert Guéï was thrown out of power during the 1999 Ivorian coup
d'état.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

specter:
A ghostly apparition.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/specter>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  There is one tradition in America I am proud to inherit. It is our
first freedom and the truest expression of our Americanism: the ability
to dissent without fear. It is our right to utter the words, "I
disagree."  
--Natalie Merchant
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Natalie_Merchant>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 25: Three-cent silver Published On

The three-cent silver was struck by the Mint of the United States for
circulation from 1851 to 1872, and as a proof coin for collectors in
1873. A reduction of postage rates to three cents prompted Congress in
1851 to authorize the coin. At the time, profiteers were exporting and
melting U.S. silver coins for their metal to trade for increasing
amounts of gold in the wake of the California Gold Rush. The three-cent
silver thwarted this scheme, as the first American coin with metal
valued significantly less than its face value, and the first silver coin
not usable as legal tender in unlimited amounts. Designed by the Mint's
Chief Engraver, James B. Longacre, the coin saw heavy use until Congress
protected other silver coins from profiteers in 1853 by reducing their
silver content. The coin's place in commerce was lost with the economic
chaos of the Civil War, which led to hoarding of all gold and silver
coins. After the three-cent piece in copper-nickel emerged in 1865, the
three-cent silver had a string of low mintages until its abolition by
the Coinage Act of 1873. The series is not widely collected, and the
pieces remain inexpensive relative to U.S. coins of similar scarcity.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-cent_silver>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1147:

Reconquista: Forces under Afonso I of Portugal captured Lisbon
from the Moors after a four-month siege in one of the few Christian
victories during the Second Crusade.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon>

1415:

Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England and his lightly armoured
infantry and archers defeated the heavily armoured French cavalry in the
Battle of Agincourt on Saint Crispin's Day.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt>

1861:

The Toronto Stock Exchange, the stock exchange with the most
mining and petrochemical companies listed in the world, was established.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange>

1980:

Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction, a multilateral treaty providing an
expeditious method to return a child taken from one member nation to
another, concluded at The Hague.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_the_Civil_Aspects_of_International_Child_Abduction>

2010:

Mount Merapi in Central Java, Indonesia began an increasingly
violent series of eruptions that lasted over a month.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Mount_Merapi>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

nacre:
1. (obsolete) A shellfish which contains mother-of-pearl.
2. A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells; mother-of-
pearl.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nacre>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Whoever will be free must make himself free. Freedom is no fairy
gift to fall into a man's lap. What is freedom? To have the will to be
responsible for one's self.  
--Max Stirner
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Max_Stirner>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 24: Debora Green Published On

Debora Green (b. 1951) is an American physician who pleaded no contest
in 1995 to killing two of her children and trying to kill her husband,
Michael Farrar. Their marriage had been tumultuous, and Farrar filed for
divorce in July 1995. He soon fell violently ill, but his doctors could
not pinpoint the source of his illness. Green began to drink heavily,
even while supervising her children. In October the family home caught
fire, and two of her children died in the blaze. Investigation showed
that trails of accelerant in the house led back to Green's bedroom, and
that she had been poisoning Farrar's food with ricin. The trial was
sensational, and covered heavily by news media, especially in the
Kansas–Missouri area, where the crimes occurred. She was sentenced to
forty years in prison. Crime writer Ann Rule wrote about the case in her
book Bitter Harvest: A Woman's Fury, a Mother's Sacrifice. Green has
petitioned for a new trial twice in recent years, without success.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debora_Green>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1789:

The Brabant Revolution, sometimes considered as the first
expression of Belgian nationalism, began with the invasion of the
Austrian Netherlands by an émigré army from the Dutch Republic.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabant_Revolution>

1857:

Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club
still in operation, was founded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield_F.C.>

1931:

The George Washington Bridge, today the world's busiest motor
vehicle bridge, connecting New York City to Fort Lee, New Jersey, was
dedicated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge>

1945:

The UN Charter, the constitution of the United Nations, entered
into force after being ratified by the Republic of China, France, the
Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a majority of
the other signatories.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Charter>

1964:

The military court of South Vietnamese junta chief Nguyen Khanh
acquitted Generals Dương Văn Đức and Lâm Văn Phát of leading a
coup attempt against Khanh, despite the pair's proclamation of his
overthrow during their military action.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m_V%C4%83n_Ph%C3%A1t>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

manpack:
(usually attributive) An object meant to be carried by a single person.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manpack>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Let natural consequences teach responsible behavior. One of the
kindest things we can do is to let the natural or logical consequences
of people's actions teach them responsible behavior. They may not like
it or us, but popularity is a fickle standard by which to measure
character development. Insisting on justice demands more true love, not
less. We care enough for their growth and security to suffer their
displeasure.  
--Stephen Covey
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Stephen_Covey>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 23: United States v. Washington Published On

United States v. Washington was a 1974 case heard in the U.S. District
Court for the Western District of Washington and the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. It reaffirmed the reserved right of
American Indian tribes in the State of Washington to act alongside the
state as co-managers of salmon and other fish, and to continue
harvesting them in accordance with the various treaties that the United
States had signed with the tribes. The tribes of Washington had ceded
their land to the United States but had reserved the right to fish as
they always had (pictured), including fishing at their traditional
locations that were off the designated reservations. After a long trial,
the decision of federal judge George Hugo Boldt held that the tribes
were entitled to half the fish harvest each year. In 1975 the Ninth
Circuit Court of Appeals upheld Judge Boldt's ruling and the U.S.
Supreme Court declined to hear the case. After the state refused to
enforce the court order, Boldt ordered the Coast Guard to enforce his
rulings. In a later case, Justice John Paul Stevens summarized: "Both
sides have a right, secured by treaty, to take a fair share of the
available fish." (Full article...).

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Washington>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1641:

Irish Catholic gentry in Ulster tried to seize control of
Dublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, to force concessions
to Catholics.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641>

1812:

General Claude François de Malet began a conspiracy to
overthrow Napoleon, claiming that the Emperor died in Russia and that he
was now the commandant of Paris.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malet_coup_of_1812>

1953:

Alto Broadcasting System in the Philippines made the first
television broadcast in Southeast Asia on DZAQ-TV.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABS-CBN>

1972:

Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker, a US bombing campaign
against North Vietnam in response to its Easter Offensive, ended after
five months.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Linebacker>

2002:

Chechen separatists seized a crowded theater in Moscow, taking
approximately 700 patrons and performers hostage.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_theater_hostage_crisis>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

poplit:
The shallow depression (fossa) located at the back of the knee joint;
the popliteal fossa or "knee pit".
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poplit>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We shall not busy ourselves with what men ought to have admired,
what they ought to have written, what they ought to have thought, but
with what they did think, write, admire.  
--George Saintsbury
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Saintsbury>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 22: Common blackbird Published On

The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is a species of true thrush. It
breeds in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to
Canada, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, the
Falkland Islands, Chile, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. It has
several subspecies across its large range; a few of the Asian subspecies
are sometimes considered to be full species. Depending on latitude, the
common blackbird may be resident, partially migratory, or fully
migratory. The male of the nominate subspecies, which is found
throughout most of Europe, is all black except for a yellow eye-ring and
bill and has a rich, melodious song; the adult female and juvenile have
mainly dark brown plumage. The species breeds in woods and gardens,
building a neat, mud-lined, cup-shaped nest. It is omnivorous, eating a
wide range of insects, earthworms, berries, and fruits. This common and
conspicuous bird has given rise to many literary and cultural
references, frequently related to its song.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_blackbird>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1740:

A two-week massacre of ethnic Chinese in Batavia, Dutch East
Indies, came to an end with at least 10,000 people killed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1740_Batavia_massacre>

1884:

The Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, was adopted as
Universal Time meridian of longitude.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time>

1895:

At Gare Montparnasse station in Paris, an express train
derailed after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing the concourse
before crashing through a wall and falling to the plaza below
(pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montparnasse_derailment>

1962:

Cold War: U.S. President John F. Kennedy announced that Soviet
nuclear weapons had been discovered in Cuba and that he had ordered a
naval "quarantine" of the island nation.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis>

2013:

The Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013 made the Australian
Capital Territory the nation's first jurisdiction to legalise same-sex
marriage, although the High Court struck the act down two months later.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_Equality_(Same_Sex)_Act_2013>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

allometry:
(biology) The science studying the differential growth rates of the
parts of a living organism's body part or process.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allometry>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We spend our lives fighting to get people very slightly more
stupid than ourselves to accept truths that the great men have always
known.  
--Doris Lessing
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 21: Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant Published On

The Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant is a theme restaurant at Disney's
Hollywood Studios, a theme park at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake,
Florida. The restaurant is modeled after a 1950s drive-in theater. Walt
Disney Imagineering designed the booths to resemble convertibles of the
period. While eating, guests watch a large projection screen displaying
film clips from such films as Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster, Plan
9 from Outer Space, and Attack of the 50 Foot Woman. In 1991, the Sci-Fi
Dine-In opened along with nineteen other new Walt Disney World
attractions marking the complex's twentieth anniversary. By the
following year, it had become the park's most popular restaurant. Thai
movie theater operator EGV Entertainment opened the EGV Drive-in Cafe in
Bangkok in 2003, explicitly emulating the Sci-Fi Dine-In. USA
Today‍ '​s list of the best restaurants in American amusement
parks ranks the Sci-Fi Dine-In fifteenth, but many reviewers rate it
more highly for its atmosphere than for its cuisine.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Fi_Dine-In_Theater_Restaurant>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1600:

Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated the leaders of rival Japanese clans at
the Battle of Sekigahara in what is now Sekigahara, Gifu, clearing the
path for him to form the Tokugawa shogunate.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara>

1854:

Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to
Turkey to help treat wounded British soldiers fighting in the Crimean
War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale>

1867:

The first of the Medicine Lodge Treaties was signed between the
United States and several Native American tribes in the Great Plains,
requiring them to relocate to areas in present-day western Oklahoma.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_Lodge_Treaty>

1959:

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, designed by American
architect Frank Lloyd Wright, opened in New York City.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum>

1981:

Andreas Papandreou began the first of his two terms as Prime
Minister of Greece, ending an almost 50-year-long system of power
dominated by conservative forces.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

hoverboard:
(chiefly science fiction) A levitating board that can be ridden in the
manner of a surfboard or skateboard.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hoverboard>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Veracity does not consist in saying, but in the intention of
communicating truth.  
--Samuel Taylor Coleridge
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 20: Luo Yixiu Published On

Luo Yixiu (1889–1910) was the first wife of the future Chinese
communist revolutionary and political leader Mao Zedong, to whom she was
married from 1908 until her death. She came from a family of
impoverished Han Chinese landowners near Shaoshan, Hunan, in south
central China. Most of what is known about their marriage comes from Mao
and appears in the 1936 book Red Star Over China by the reporter Edgar
Snow. The marriage was arranged by their fathers when Luo was eighteen
and Mao was just fourteen. He later said that he was unhappy with the
marriage, never consummating it and refusing to live with his wife. He
moved out of the village to continue his studies elsewhere, eventually
becoming a founding member of the Communist Party of China. Luo,
socially disgraced, lived with Mao's parents for two years until she
died of dysentery. Various biographers have suggested that this marriage
affected Mao's later views, leading him to become a critic of arranged
marriage and a vocal feminist. He would marry three more times, to Yang
Kaihui, He Zizhen and Jiang Qing.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo_Yixiu>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1740:

Under the terms of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, Maria
Theresa assumed the throne of the Habsburg Monarchy in Austria.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa>

1818:

The United Kingdom and the United States signed the Treaty of
1818, which settled the Canada–United States border on the 49th
parallel between the Pacific Ocean and Lake of the Woods.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_1818>

1944:

World War II: Fulfilling a promise he made two years previous,
General Douglas MacArthur landed on Leyte to begin the recapture of the
entire Philippine Archipelago.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte>

1961:

The Soviet Union performed the first armed test of a submarine-
launched ballistic missile, launching an R-13 from a Golf class
submarine.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile>

1982:

During a UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC
Haarlem, a large number of attendees tried to leave the Grand Sports
Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium at the same time, resulting in a
stampede that caused 66 deaths.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzhniki_disaster>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

atrabilious:
1. (medicine, obsolete) Having an excess of black bile.
2. Characterized by melancholy.
3. Ill-natured; malevolent.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atrabilious>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Those who have deprived themselves of this Resurrection by reason
of their mutual hatreds or by regarding themselves to be in the right
and others in the wrong, were chastised on the Day of Resurrection by
reason of such hatreds evinced during their night. Thus they deprived
themselves of beholding the countenance of God, and this for no other
reason than mutual denunciations.  
--The Báb
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/B%C3%A1b>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 19: Banksia verticillata Published On

Banksia verticillata or Albany banksia is a species of shrub of the
genus Banksia in the Proteaceae family. It is native to the southwest of
Western Australia and can reach up to 3 m (10 ft) in height, or even
5 m (16 ft) in sheltered areas; it is shorter in more exposed areas.
This species has elliptic green leaves and large, bright golden yellow
flower spikes that appear in summer and autumn. The New Holland
honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) is the most prominent
pollinator although several other species of honeyeater, as well as
bees, visit the flower spikes. Listed as a vulnerable species by the
Australian Government, it occurs in two disjunct populations on granite
outcrops along the south coast of Western Australia, with the main
population near Albany and a smaller population near Walpole. It is
threatened by root rot (specifically Phytophthora cinnamomi) and aerial
canker (Zythiostroma). B. verticillata is killed by bushfire, following
which new plants regenerate from seed. Populations take over a decade to
produce seed, and fire intervals of more than twenty years are needed to
allow the canopy seed bank to accumulate.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_verticillata>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

202 BC:

Publius Cornelius Scipio, a consul of the Roman Republic,
decisively defeated Hannibal and the Carthaginians at Zama, ending the
Second Punic War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zama>

1469:

Ferdinand II of Aragon married Isabella I of Castile (both
pictured), a marriage that paved the way to the unification of Aragon
and Castile into a single country, Spain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile>

1781:

American Revolutionary War: British forces led by Lord
Cornwallis officially surrendered to Franco-American forces under George
Washington, ending the Siege of Yorktown.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown>

1943:

Allied aircraft sank the cargo ship Sinfra, killing over 2,000
people, mostly Italian POWs.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Sinfra>

2005:

Hurricane Wilma became the most intense Atlantic hurricane on
record with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 882 mbar.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

cacoethes:
1. Compulsion; mania.
2. (medicine, obsolete) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; a
malignant tumour or ulcer.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cacoethes>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I could never divide myself from any man upon the difference of an
opinion, or be angry with his judgement for not agreeing with me in
that, from which perhaps within a few days I should dissent myself.
 
--Thomas Browne
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Browne>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 18: Deathrow (video game) Published On

Deathrow is a sports video game developed by Southend Interactive and
published by Ubisoft Entertainment. It was released as an Xbox gaming
system exclusive in November 2002 in Europe and North America. Built on
an in-house 3D game engine, it was Southend's first full release.
Supporting up to eight players, the game is based on the fictional
extreme sport Blitz, a futuristic full-contact hybrid of hockey and
basketball played with a flying disc. Teams can win on points or by
knocking opposing players unconscious. The single-player campaign is set
in the 23rd century, when Blitz is a popular televised sport and the
teams battle to scale the ranks and win the championship. The game's
largely favorable reviews praised its fast-paced action and surround
sound, but faulted its high difficulty curve, generic soundtrack, and
lack of an online multiplayer mode. The game won the TeamXbox 2002
Breakthrough Game of the Year and the IGN 2002 Best Game Nobody Played
awards. IGN later reported that a sequel would be unlikely due to the
original's low revenue. Southend dissolved in 2013.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathrow_(video_game)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1081:

Byzantine–Norman wars: The Normans under Robert Guiscard,
Duke of Apulia and Calabria, defeated the Byzantines outside the city of
Dyrrhachium, the Byzantine capital of Illyria.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Dyrrhachium_(1081)>

1356:

The most significant earthquake to have occurred in Central
Europe in recorded history destroyed Basel, Switzerland, and caused much
destruction in a vast region extending into France and Germany.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1356_Basel_earthquake>

1748:

The War of the Austrian Succession ended with the signing of
the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Aix-la-Chapelle_(1748)>

1945:

Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón married
popular actress Eva Duarte, better known as Evita (pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n>

2007:

A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former Prime Minister
of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto in Karachi caused at least 139 deaths and 450
injuries.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Karachi_bombing>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

haecceity:
(philosophy) The essence of a particular thing; those qualities that
define it and make it unique.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haecceity>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Of all tools used in the shadow of the moon, men are most apt to
get out of order.  
--Moby-Dick
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Moby-Dick>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 17: Roy Kilner Published On

Roy Kilner (1890–1928) was an English professional cricketer who
played nine Test matches for England between 1924 and 1926. He played
for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1911 and 1927, scoring 1,000
runs in a season ten times and taking 100 wickets in a season five
times. He first played for Yorkshire as a batsman before being wounded
in the First World War. Returning in 1919 to a team short of bowlers, he
developed into a proficient left-arm spinner. His aggressive batting and
warm personality made him a popular player with both cricketers and
spectators. First chosen for England in 1924, he was the second most
successful bowler on the Ashes tour of 1924–25. He was selected during
the 1926 Ashes series but dropped for the final Test. Kilner went on
several coaching trips to India during English winters, and on one of
these, in 1927–28, he contracted an illness; on his return to England,
he died aged 37. His funeral was attended by over 100,000 people.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kilner>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1558:

Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, was founded by order
of King Sigismund II Augustus.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Poland>

1604:

German astronomer Johannes Kepler observed an exceptionally
bright star, now known as Kepler's Supernova (remnant nebula pictured),
which had suddenly appeared in the constellation Ophiuchus.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_Supernova>

1931:

American gangster Al Capone was convicted on five counts of
income tax evasion.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone>

1940:

The body of Willi Münzenberg, a French communist who was the
leading propagandist for the Communist Party of Germany, was found near
Saint-Marcellin.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willi_M%C3%BCnzenberg>

2010:

Mary MacKillop was canonised to become the only Australian to
be recognised by the Roman Catholic Church as a saint.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

volute:
1. (architecture) The spiral curve on an Ionic capital.
2. (zoology) The spirls or whorls on a gastropod's shell.
3. (zoology) Any marine gastropod of the family Volutidae.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volute>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  You cannot make children learn music or anything else without to
some degree converting them into will-less adults. You fashion them into
accepters of the status quo – a good thing for a society that needs
obedient sitters at dreary desks, standers in shops, mechanical catchers
of the 8:30 suburban train – a society, in short, that is carried on
the shabby shoulders of the scared little man – the scared-to-death
conformist.  
--A. S. Neill
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/A._S._Neill>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 16: Burning of Parliament Published On

On 16 October 1834 a massive fire largely destroyed the Palace of
Westminster, the medieval royal palace used as the home of the British
parliament. The conflagration was caused by the burning of small wooden
tally sticks that had been used as part of the accounting procedures of
the Exchequer until 1826, which were being disposed of carelessly in the
two furnaces under the House of Lords. The blaze caused a chimney fire,
initially under the floor of the Lords' chamber, then up through the
walls before spreading rapidly throughout the complex. The fire lasted
for most of the night and developed into the biggest conflagration to
occur in London between the Great Fire of 1666 and the Blitz of the
Second World War; massive crowds were attracted to the spectacle. By the
following morning a large part of the palace had been destroyed,
although the actions of the London Fire Engine Establishment ensured
that Westminster Hall and a few other parts of the old Houses of
Parliament survived. In 1836 a design competition for a new palace was
won by Charles Barry who, in collaboration with Augustus Pugin,
incorporated the surviving buildings into the new complex.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Parliament>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1590:

Italian composer Carlo Gesualdo caught his wife having an
extramarital affair with Duke Fabrizio Carafa of Andria and killed them
both on the spot.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Gesualdo>

1793:

War of the First Coalition: Despite leading French forces to
victory in the Battle of Wattignies, Jean-Baptiste Jourdan was later
forcibly discharged from the army due to interference from Lazare
Carnot.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies>

1945:

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was
founded in Quebec City, Canada, to lead international efforts to defeat
hunger.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations>

1975:

Five journalists for Australian television networks based in
the town of Balibo were killed by Indonesian special force soldiers
prior to their invasion of East Timor.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balibo_Five>

1995:

Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam convened the Million Man
March in Washington, D.C., in an effort to unite in self-help and self-
defense against economic and social ills plaguing the African American
community.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Man_March>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

aureate:
1. Golden in color or shine.
2. Of language: characterized by the use of (excessively) ornamental or
grandiose terms, often of Latin or French origin.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aureate>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of
nothing.  
--The Picture of Dorian Gray
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 15: Lisa the Vegetarian Published On

"Lisa the Vegetarian" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the
animated series The Simpsons, originally aired on the Fox network in the
United States on October 15, 1995. In the episode, Lisa Simpson stops
eating meat after a trip to a petting zoo. Initially ridiculed by her
family and friends for her decision, she commits to vegetarianism after
advice from Apu and from Paul and Linda McCartney. The McCartneys guest-
starred as themselves, appearing on condition that Lisa would remain a
vegetarian for the rest of the series. The episode contains references
to Paul's musical career, and his song "Maybe I'm Amazed" plays over the
closing credits. Directed by Mark Kirkland, "Lisa the Vegetarian" is the
first full episode of The Simpsons written by David X. Cohen. It was
watched by 14.6 million viewers and received positive reviews from
television critics. For its themes on animal issues, it won an
Environmental Media Award and a Genesis Award.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_the_Vegetarian>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1529:

The Siege of Vienna ended as the Austrians repelled the
invading Turks, turning the tide against almost a century of unchecked
conquest throughout eastern and central Europe by the Ottoman Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna>

1764:

English historian Edward Gibbon observed friars singing Vespers
at Capitoline Hill in Rome, inspiring him to write The History of the
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gibbon>

1945:

Pierre Laval, twice head of government of Vichy France, was
executed for high treason.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laval>

1965:

Vietnam War protests: The Catholic Worker Movement staged an
anti-war rally in Manhattan, including the burning of draft cards, the
first such act to result in arrest under a new amendment to the
Selective Service Act.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft-card_burning>

2005:

A march by members of the National Socialist Movement, a neo-
Nazi group, in Toledo, Ohio, US, sparked a riot among protestors.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Toledo_riot>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

belly-timber:
(archaic, now only humorous or regional) Food, provender.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/belly-timber>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I wonder why some people tend to see science as something which
takes man away from God. As I look at it, the path of science can always
wind through the heart. For me, science has always been the path to
spiritual enrichment and self-realisation.  
--A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 14: Mary Margaret O'Reilly Published On

Mary Margaret O'Reilly (1865–1949) was the Assistant Director of the
United States Bureau of the Mint. One of the highest-ranking female
civil servants of her time, the "sweetheart of the Treasury" often
served as the Mint's acting director in the absence of the director from
1916 until 1924, when she was formally made assistant director. O'Reilly
lived her early life in Massachusetts. She left school around age 14 to
help support her widowed mother and her siblings, and worked in
Worcester for twenty years as a clerk. In 1904, O'Reilly succeeded in
gaining a position at the Mint Bureau. Her rapid rise in the hierarchy
was unusual for a woman at that time, and with many of the directors
under whom she served having little knowledge of or interest in the
bureau's operations, the task of running the Mint often fell to her.
Beginning in 1933, O'Reilly served under her first female director,
Nellie Tayloe Ross, and soon forged a strong bond with her. O'Reilly was
so indispensable to the bureau's operations that President Franklin
Delano Roosevelt postponed her retirement, scheduled for 1935, to 1938.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Margaret_O%27Reilly>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1805:

War of the Third Coalition: French forces under Marshal Michel
Ney defeated Austrian forces in Elchingen, present-day Germany.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Elchingen>

1888:

French inventor Louis Le Prince filmed Roundhay Garden Scene,
the earliest surviving motion picture, in Roundhay, Leeds, West
Yorkshire, England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince>

1912:

Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was shot in an
assassination attempt, but delivered a speech before receiving treatment
from preeminent surgeon John Benjamin Murphy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Benjamin_Murphy>

1940:

Second World War: During the Blitz, a 1,400 kg (3,100 lb)
semi-armour piercing fragmentation bomb fell on the road above Balham
station, which was being used as an air-raid shelter, killing at least
64 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balham_station>

1981:

Hosni Mubarak was elected President of Egypt, one week after
Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

dude-bro:
(slang) A hypermasculine man, especially one who is misogynist and/or
homophobic.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dude-bro>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Could we change our attitude, we should not only see life
differently, but life itself would come to be different. Life would
undergo a change of appearance because we ourselves had undergone a
change of attitude.  
--Katherine Mansfield
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 13: Hastings Line Published On

The Hastings Line is a secondary railway line in Kent and East Sussex,
England, linking Hastings with the main town of Tunbridge Wells, and
from there into London via Tonbridge and Sevenoaks. Although the line
primarily carries passengers, a gypsum mine served by the railway is a
source of freight traffic. Passenger trains on the line are operated by
Southeastern. The railway was built by the South Eastern Railway in the
early 1850s across the difficult terrain of the High Weald. Supervision
was lax, and contractors skimped on the lining of the tunnels, causing
deficiencies that showed up after the railway had opened. Rectifications
included a restricted loading gauge along the line, requiring the use of
specially made rolling stock. Served by steam locomotives from the time
of opening until the late 1950s, passenger services were then taken over
by a fleet of diesel-electric multiple units built to the line's
loading gauge. Freight was handled by diesel locomotives, also built to
fit the loading gauge. The diesel-electric units were in service until
1986, when the line was electrified and the most severely affected
tunnels were singled.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings_Line>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

54:

Claudius, the first Roman emperor to be born outside Italy, died
mysteriously, most likely by poison administered by his wife Agrippina.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius>

1307:

Agents of King Philip IV of France launched a dawn raid,
simultaneously arresting many members of the Knights Templar, and
subsequently torturing them into "admitting" heresy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar>

1885:

The Georgia Institute of Technology was established in Atlanta
as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the
post-Civil War Southern United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology>

1911:

Prince Arthur, a son of Queen Victoria, became the first
Governor General of Canada of royal descent as well as the first Prince
of Great Britain and Ireland to hold that position.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn>

1958:

The first book featuring the English children's literature
character Paddington Bear (statue pictured), created by Michael Bond and
Peggy Fortnum, was published.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddington_Bear>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

cenote:
A deep natural well or sinkhole, especially in Central America, formed
by the collapse of surface limestone that exposes ground water
underneath, and sometimes used by the ancient Mayans for sacrificial
offerings.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cenote>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The nature and intention of government … are social. Based on
the idea of natural rights, government secures those rights to the
individual by strictly negative intervention, making justice costless
and easy of access; and beyond that it does not go. The State, on the
other hand, both in its genesis and by its primary intention, is purely
anti-social. It is not based on the idea of natural rights, but on the
idea that the individual has no rights except those that the State may
provisionally grant him. It has always made justice costly and difficult
of access, and has invariably held itself above justice and common
morality whenever it could advantage itself by so doing.  
--Albert Jay Nock
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 12: Charles Domery Published On

Charles Domery (c. 1778 – after 1800) was a Polish soldier who had
an unusually large appetite. Serving in the Prussian Army during the War
of the First Coalition, he deserted to the French Revolutionary Army in
return for better rations. He was voraciously hungry; while stationed
near Paris, he was recorded as having eaten 174 cats in a year, and
would eat 4 to 5 pounds (1.8 to 2.3 kg) of grass each day if he could
not find other food. During service on the French frigate Hoche, he
attempted to eat the severed leg of a crew member hit by cannon fire,
before it was wrestled from him. In 1799 Hoche was captured by British
forces, and Domery and the crew were interned in Liverpool. Despite
receiving ten times the rations of other inmates, he remained ravenous,
eating the prison cat, at least 20 rats, and many prison candles.
Domery's case was brought to the attention of the Sick and Hurt
Commissioners, who tested his eating capacity by feeding him four
bottles of porter and a total of 16 pounds (7.3 kg) of raw cow's udder,
raw beef and tallow candles, all of which he ate and drank in a single
day without defecating, urinating, or vomiting.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Domery>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1398:

The Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Grand
Master of the Teutonic Knights Konrad von Jungingen signed the Treaty of
Salynas, the third attempt to cede Samogitia to the Knights.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Salynas>

1847:

Werner von Siemens, a German inventor, founded Siemens &
Halske, which later became Siemens AG, the largest engineering company
in Europe.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_AG>

1915:

A German firing squad executed British nurse Edith Cavell for
helping Allied soldiers to escape occupied Belgium.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cavell>

1960:

Japan Socialist Party leader Inejiro Asanuma was assassinated
on live television by a man using a samurai sword.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inejiro_Asanuma>

2000:

Two suicide bombers attacked the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Cole
while it was at anchor in Aden, Yemen, killing 17 of its crew members
and injuring 39 others.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

umami:
1. One of the five basic tastes, the savory taste of foods such as seaweed,
cured fish, aged cheeses and meats.
2. The taste of flavor enhancers added to food to accentuate savoriness,
notably monosodium glutamate.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umami>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Intolerance is evidence of impotence.  
--Aleister Crowley
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 11: Silky sifaka Published On

The silky sifaka (Propithecus candidus) is a large lemur with silky
white fur that lives in northeastern Madagascar. It is listed by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature as one of the world's 25
most critically endangered primates. The silky sifaka lives in groups of
two to nine and spends most of its day feeding, resting, playing,
grooming, and traveling. Like other eastern sifakas, it eats leaves and
seeds, but also fruit, flowers, and even soil. As with other sifaka
species, group members will groom, play with, carry, and nurse infants
that are not their own. Adults vocalize frequently despite having only
seven different calls. Like all lemurs, it relies strongly on scent for
communication; males frequently scent-mark. The species is found in the
rainforests of northeastern Madagascar, with the remaining population in
Marojejy National Park, Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, the Makira
Forest Protected Area, the Betaolana Corridor, and some unprotected
forest fragments. Locals hunt the silky sifaka throughout its range.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silky_sifaka>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1492:

Members of the first voyage of Christopher Columbus reported
the sighting of unknown light on their way to Guanahani.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492_light_sighting>

1531:

Swiss Reformation leader Huldrych Zwingli was killed in battle
when Catholic cantons attacked in response to a food blockade being
applied by his alliance.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli>

1767:

Unable to go any further, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon made
their final observations for what would become known as the
Mason–Dixon line.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%E2%80%93Dixon_line>

1942:

World War II: At the Battle of Cape Esperance on the northwest
coast of Guadalcanal, American ships intercepted and defeated a Japanese
fleet on their way to destroy Henderson Field.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Esperance>

1975:

Saturday Night Live, an American weekly sketch comedy–variety
show, was broadcast for the first time.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

alnage:
1. Measurement (of cloth) by the ell.
2. A duty paid for such measurement.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alnage>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Will people ever be wise enough to refuse to follow bad leaders or
to take away the freedom of other people?  
--Eleanor Roosevelt
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 10: U.S. Route 41 Business (Marquette, Michigan) Published On

Business US Highway 41 was a state trunkline highway and business loop
off US 41/M-28 in Marquette, Michigan, along Washington and Front
streets. Serving the downtown area, the two streets originated with the
founding of the city in the mid-19th century. The original city hall was
built in 1895 on Washington Street. In 1910 the city started paving its
streets, replacing wooden planks with asphalt; later that decade,
Washington and Front streets were included in the state highway system.
In 1926 they were included in the United States Numbered Highway System.
When US 41/M-28 was moved to bypass the downtown in 1963, Washington
and Front streets were redesignated as a business loop. The highway was
also co-designated Business M-28 on state maps between 1975 and 1981,
mirroring a similar business loop designation in the neighboring cities
of Ishpeming and Negaunee. Jurisdiction over the two streets was
transferred to the city as part of a highway swap that resulted in the
decommissioning of the trunkline in 2005.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_41_Business_(Marquette,_Michigan)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1780:

One of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes on record struck the
Caribbean Sea, killing at least 22,000 people over the next several
days.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hurricane_of_1780>

1897:

German chemist Felix Hoffman discovered an improved way of
synthesizing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (pills pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aspirin>

1933:

In the first proven act of air sabotage in the history of
commercial aviation, a United Airlines Boeing 247 exploded in mid-air
near Chesterton, Indiana, US, killing all seven people aboard.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_United_Airlines_Boeing_247_mid-air_explosion>

1967:

The Outer Space Treaty, a treaty that forms the basis of
international space law, entered into force.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty>

1982:

Maximilian Kolbe, who had volunteered to die in place of a
stranger in the Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz in Poland, was
canonized by the Catholic Church.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

yonic:
In the shape of a vulva or a vagina; in the shape of a yoni.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yonic>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Every human being on this earth is born with a tragedy, and it
isn't original sin. He's born with the tragedy that he has to grow up.
That he has to leave the nest, the security, and go out to do battle. He
has to lose everything that is lovely and fight for a new loveliness of
his own making, and it's a tragedy. A lot of people don't have the
courage to do it.  
--Helen Hayes
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Helen_Hayes>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 9: Banksia menziesii Published On

Banksia menziesii, commonly known as firewood banksia, is a species of
flowering plant in the genus Banksia. It is a gnarled tree up to 10 m
(33 ft) tall or, in its northern range, a spreading shrub. The serrated
leaves are dull green with new growth a paler grey green. The autumn and
winter inflorescences are often two-coloured red or pink and yellow.
First described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century,
no separate varieties of B. menziesii are recognised. It is found in
Western Australia, from the Perth region north to the Murchison River,
and generally grows on sandy soils in scrubland or low woodland. It
provides food for an array of invertebrate and vertebrate animals;
honeyeaters and other birds are prominent visitors. A relatively hardy
plant, B. menziesii is commonly seen in gardens, nature strips and parks
in Australian urban areas with Mediterranean climates, but its
sensitivity to root rot makes it short-lived in places with humid
summers. It is widely used in the cut flower industry in Australia and
overseas.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_menziesii>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1594:

Sinhalese–Portuguese War: Portugal had almost conquered the
island of Sri Lanka when its army was completely annihilated, ending the
Campaign of Danture.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_of_Danture>

1845:

Anglican priest John Henry Newman, who wished to return the
Church of England to many Catholic beliefs, was formally received into
the Roman Catholic Church.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Newman>

1914:

World War I: Belgian troops in Antwerp surrendered, allowing
the German army to capture the city.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)>

1970:

The Khmer Republic, headed by General Lon Nol and Prince
Sisowath Sirik Matak, was proclaimed in Cambodia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Republic>

2012:

Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai was shot at by a Taliban
gunman in a failed assassination attempt.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

fictionary:
A parlor game in which participants invent definitions for an unfamiliar
word found in a dictionary, and as one person reads them out, the others
try to guess which one is the correct definition.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fictionary>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I'm not claiming divinity. I've never claimed purity of soul. I've
never claimed to have the answers to life. I only put out songs and
answer questions as honestly as I can … But I still believe in peace,
love and understanding.  
--John Lennon
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Lennon>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 8: Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano Published On

Shinano was an aircraft carrier built by the Imperial Japanese Navy
during World War II, the largest one built up to that time. Laid down in
May 1940 as the third of the Yamato-class battleships, the ship's
partially complete hull was ordered to be converted to a carrier
following Japan's disastrous loss of four fleet carriers at the Battle
of Midway in mid-1942. Her conversion was still incomplete in November
1944 when she was ordered to sail from the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal to
Kure Naval Base to complete her fitting out and to transfer a load of 50
Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka rocket-propelled kamikaze flying bombs. Hastily
dispatched with an inexperienced crew and serious design and
construction flaws, the ship had inadequate pumps, no fire-control
systems, and no carrier aircraft. She was sunk en route, just 10 days
after commissioning, on 29 November 1944, by four torpedoes from the US
Navy submarine Archerfish. Over a thousand sailors and civilians were
rescued, but some 1,435 were lost, including her captain. She remains
the largest warship ever sunk by a submarine.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Shinano>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1200:

Isabella of Angoulême was crowned queen consort of England at
the age of twelve, after having married King John two weeks earlier.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme>

1871:

Four large fires broke out in the United States, including the
Great Chicago Fire and the Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin, the latter being
the deadliest fire in U.S. history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshtigo_Fire>

1897:

Composer Gustav Mahler was appointed the director of the Vienna
Court Opera.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler>

1932:

The Indian Air Force was founded as an auxiliary air force of
the Indian Empire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force>

1962:

Newsmagazine Der Spiegel revealed the unpreparedness of the
West German armed forces against the communist threat from the east, and
was accused of treason shortly afterwards.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiegel_scandal>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

memoriter:
1. That is or has been recited from memory; that has been learned by heart.
2. Of, pertaining to, or involved with the practice of recitation or
learning by heart.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/memoriter>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The permanent mental attitude which the sensitive intelligence
derives from philosophy is an attitude that combines extreme reverence
with limitless skepticism.  
--John Cowper Powys
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Cowper_Powys>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 7: Hu Zhengyan Published On

Hu Zhengyan (c. 1584 – 1674) was a Chinese artist, printmaker and
publisher. He worked in calligraphy, painting, and seal-carving (his own
seal pictured), but was primarily a publisher, producing academic texts
and records of his work. Hu lived in Nanjing during the transition from
the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. A Ming loyalist, he designed the
Hongguang Emperor's personal seal and was offered a position at the
emperor's remnant court, but declined the post, and held only minor
political offices. He largely retired from society after the emperor's
capture and death in 1645. He owned and operated an academic publishing
house called the Ten Bamboo Studio in Nanjing, where he practised
various multi-colour printing and embossing techniques. Hu's work
pioneered new techniques in colour printmaking, producing delicate
gradations of colour not previously achievable. He is best known for The
Ten Bamboo Studio Manual of Painting and Calligraphy, an artist's primer
which remained in print for around 200 years.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Zhengyan>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1542:

Spanish explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo became the first
European to set foot on Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of
California.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island,_California>

1763:

Following Great Britain's acquisition of New France after the
end of the Seven Years' War, King George III issued a Royal Proclamation
closing most of this land to the residents of the Thirteen Colonies and
reserving it for indigenous peoples.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763>

1919:

KLM, the oldest airline in the world still operating under its
original name, was founded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLM>

1976:

Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Communist
Party of China.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Guofeng>

2001:

War on Terrorism: The War in Afghanistan began with an aerial
bombing campaign targeting Taliban and Al-Qaeda forces.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

flack:
To publicise, to promote.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flack>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Forgiveness is an absolute necessity for continued human
existence.  
--Desmond Tutu
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] October 6: John Lloyd Waddy Published On

John Lloyd Waddy (1916–1987) was a senior officer and aviator in the
Royal Australian Air Force, who later served as a member of the New
South Wales Legislative Assembly and Minister of the Crown. As a fighter
pilot during World War II, he shot down fifteen enemy aircraft in the
Desert War, becoming one of Australia's top-scoring aces and earning the
Distinguished Flying Cross. He went on to command No. 80 Squadron in
the South West Pacific, where he was awarded the US Air Medal. He was
also one of eight senior pilots who took part in the "Morotai Mutiny" of
April 1945. He led the Air Force Reserve as a group captain in the early
1950s. Active in business and in veterans' groups, he was appointed an
Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1955. As the Liberal
Member for Kirribilli from 1962 to 1976, he held cabinet posts in the
New South Wales Parliament, including Minister for Child Welfare and
Social Welfare (later Youth and Community Services), Minister for
Health, and Minister for Police and Services.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lloyd_Waddy>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1777:

American Revolutionary War: British forces under the command of
General Sir Henry Clinton captured Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery, and
then dismantled the Hudson River Chain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Clinton_and_Montgomery>

1910:

Eleftherios Venizelos was elected Prime Minister of Greece for
the first of his seven non-consecutive terms.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos>

1927:

The first successful feature sound film The Jazz Singer,
starring Al Jolson, was released.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer>

1985:

Police constable Keith Blakelock was killed during rioting in
the Broadwater Farm housing estate in Tottenham, London.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Keith_Blakelock>

2000:

Denouncing corruption in the administration of Argentine
President Fernando de la Rúa and in the Senate, Vice President Carlos
Álvarez resigned from his office.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_%C3%81lvarez_(politician)>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

whinge:
1. (Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland) To complain, especially in an
annoying or persistent manner.
2. (Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland) To whine.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whinge>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I hate the whole übermensch, superman temptation that pervades
science fiction. I believe no protagonist should be so competent, so
awe-inspiring, that a committee of 20 really hard-working, intelligent
people couldn't do the same thing.  
--David Brin
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Brin>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org