[Daily article] November 30: The Post-Modern Prometheus Published On

"The Post-Modern Prometheus" is the fifth episode of the fifth season of
the American science fiction television series The X-Files, originally
airing on the Fox network on November 30, 1997. It was written and
directed by series creator Chris Carter. The story follows FBI agents
Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) as they
investigate a creature called "The Great Mutato" that has impregnated a
middle-aged woman; it turns out to be the genetic creation of a
Frankenstein-like doctor. The creature is first ostracized and then
accepted by his community. Carter's story draws heavily on Mary
Shelley's Frankenstein (subtitled The Modern Prometheus) and
particularly on James Whale's 1931 film version of the story. The
episode was filmed in black and white, with a sky backdrop imitating the
style of old Frankenstein films. Talk-show host Jerry Springer appeared
as himself, and Chris Owens played The Great Mutato. Many critics
praised the episode; some even called it a "classic". It was nominated
for seven awards at the 1998 Emmys, winning one.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Post-Modern_Prometheus>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1700:

Great Northern War: Swedish forces led by King Charles XII
defeated the Russian army of Tsar Peter the Great at the Battle of
Narva.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1700)>

1864:

American Civil War: The Confederate States Army suffered its
worst disaster of the war as the Army of Tennessee conducted numerous
unsuccessful frontal assaults against fortified positions at Franklin,
Tennessee.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)>

1934:

The steam locomotive Flying Scotsman became the first to
officially exceed 100 miles per hour (161 km/h).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNER_Class_A3_4472_Flying_Scotsman>

1942:

World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy warships defeated United
States Navy forces during a nighttime naval battle near the Tassafaronga
area on Guadalcanal.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tassafaronga>

1982:

Michael Jackson's Thriller, the best-selling album of all time,
was released.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thriller_(Michael_Jackson_album)>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

gardyloo:
(Scotland, obsolete) Used by servants in medieval Scotland to warn
passers-by of waste about to be thrown from a window into the street
below. The term was still in use as late the 1930s and 1940s, when many
people had no indoor toilets.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gardyloo>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  If you will not fight for the right when you can easily win
without bloodshed; if you will not fight when your victory will be sure
and not too costly; you may come to the moment when you will have to
fight with all the odds against you and only a precarious chance of
survival. There may even be a worse case. You may have to fight when
there is no hope of victory, because it is better to perish than to live
as slaves.  
--Winston Churchill
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 29: Israel the Grammarian Published On

Israel the Grammarian (c. 895 – c. 965) was one of the leading
European scholars of the mid-tenth century. Most likely a Breton, he
wrote theological and grammatical tracts, and commentaries on the works
of other philosophers and theologians. When Alfred the Great became King
of Wessex in 871, learning was at a low level in southern England, and
there were no Latin scholars. The king embarked on a programme of
revival, bringing in scholars from Continental Europe, Wales and Mercia.
His grandson Æthelstan, king from 924 to 939, carried on the work,
inviting foreign scholars such as Israel to his court, and appointing
Continental clerics as bishops. After Æthelstan's death, Israel
successfully sought the patronage of Archbishop Rotbert of Trier and
became tutor to Bruno, later the Archbishop of Cologne. In the late 940s
Israel is recorded as a bishop, and at the end of his life he was a monk
at the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Maximin in Trier. He was an
accomplished poet, a disciple of the ninth-century Irish philosopher
John Scottus Eriugena, and one of the few scholars of his time who
understood Greek.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_the_Grammarian>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1729:

Natchez Indians suddenly revolted against French colonists near
modern-day Natchez, Mississippi, US, killing over 240 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natchez_revolt>

1847:

Oregon missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman along with
about a dozen others were killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Native American
tribes, sparking the Cayuse War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitman_massacre>

1854:

The Eureka Flag was flown for the first time, during the Eureka
Stockade rebellion in Australia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_Flag>

1947:

The United Nations General Assembly voted to approve the
Partition Plan for Palestine, a plan to resolve the Arab–Israeli
conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine by separating the territory
into Jewish and Arab states.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine>

1987:

Korean Air Flight 858 exploded over the Andaman Sea after two
North Korean agents left a time bomb in an overhead compartment, killing
all 115 people on board.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_858>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

hectad:
(biology, cartography) A unit of land area, ten by ten (that is, a
hundred) square kilometres, often used for assessing how widely
distributed particular animals or plants are.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hectad>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Very few children have any problem with the world of the
imagination; it's their own world, the world of their daily life, and
it's our loss that so many of us grow out of it.  
--Madeleine L'Engle
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 28: Banded sugar ant Published On

The banded sugar ant (Camponotus consobrinus) is a species of ant
endemic to Australia. A member of the genus Camponotus in the subfamily
Formicinae, it was described by German entomologist Wilhelm Ferdinand
Erichson in 1842. Its common name refers to the ant's preference for
sweet food, as well as the distinctive orange-brown band around its
gaster. The ant is polymorphic and relatively large, with castes called
major workers (soldiers) and minor workers. Ants in these groups measure
around 5 to 15 millimetres (0.20 to 0.59 inches) in length. Mainly
nocturnal, banded sugar ants prefer a mesic habitat, and are commonly
found in forests and woodlands; they are also found in urban areas,
where they are considered a household pest. The ant's diet includes
sweet secretions they obtain from aphids and other insects. Workers prey
on some insects, killing them with a spray of formic acid. Banded sugar
ants are prey for other ants, echidnas, and birds. The eggs of this
species were consumed by Australian Aborigines.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_sugar_ant>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

936:

Shi Jingtang was enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin
by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of
Later Tang.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Jingtang>

1660:

At London's Gresham College, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins,
Christopher Wren and other leading scientists founded a learned society
now known as the Royal Society.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society>

1905:

Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith first presented his Sinn
Féin policy, declaring that the 1800 Act of Union of Great Britain and
Ireland was illegal.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in>

1925:

The country music radio program Grand Ole Opry was first
broadcast on WSM radio in Nashville, Tennessee.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Ole_Opry>

1990:

After being elected as leader of the British Conservative Party
one day earlier, John Major officially succeeded Margaret Thatcher as
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Major>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

coterie:
1. A circle of people who associate with one another.
2. An exclusive group of people, who associate closely for a common
purpose; a clique.
3. A communal burrow of prairie dogs.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coterie>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Cherish your visions; cherish your ideals; cherish the music that
stirs in your heart, the beauty that forms in your mind, the loveliness
that drapes your purest thoughts, for out of them will grow all
delightful conditions, all heavenly environment; of these, if you but
remain true to them, your world will at last be built.  
--James Allen
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Allen>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 27: Almirante Latorre-class battleship Published On

The Almirante Latorre class consisted of two super-dreadnought
battleships designed by the British company Armstrong Whitworth for the
Chilean Navy, named for Admirals Juan José Latorre and Thomas Cochrane.
Construction began on 27 November 1911, but both were purchased and
renamed by the Royal Navy prior to completion for use in the First World
War. Almirante Latorre (pictured) was commissioned into British service
as HMS Canada in October 1915 and spent its wartime service with the
Grand Fleet, seeing action in the Battle of Jutland. The ship was sold
back to Chile in 1920, assuming its former name. Almirante
Latorre‍ '​s crew instigated a naval mutiny in 1931. After a major
refit in 1937, she patrolled Chile's coast during the Second World War.
Almirante Cochrane was converted to an aircraft carrier and commissioned
into the Royal Navy as HMS Eagle in 1924. It served in the Mediterranean
Fleet and on the China Station in the inter-war period and operated in
the Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Second World War before being
sunk in August 1942 during Operation Pedestal.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almirante_Latorre-class_battleship>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1703:

The Great Storm of 1703, one of the most severe storms to
strike southern Great Britain, destroyed the first Eddystone Lighthouse
off Plymouth, England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703>

1815:

As specified by the Congress of Vienna, the Constitution of the
Kingdom of Poland was signed for the newly recreated Polish state that
was under Russian control.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland>

1940:

The Iron Guard killed over 60 political detainees at a
penitentiary near Bucharest and followed up with several high-profile
assassinations, including that of former Romanian Prime Minister Nicolae
Iorga.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga>

1975:

Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army assassinated
Ross McWhirter, co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records, a few weeks
after he offered a £50,000 reward for information leading to a
conviction for several recent high-profile bombings that were publicly
claimed by the IRA.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_McWhirter>

2001:

The Hubble Space Telescope detected sodium in the atmosphere of
the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b, the first planetary atmosphere
outside our solar system to be measured.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_209458_b>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

bodge:
1. (Britain) To do a clumsy or inelegant job, usually as a temporary
repair; mend, patch up, repair.
2. To work green wood using traditional country methods; to perform the
craft of a bodger.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bodge>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The meaning of life is that it is to be lived, and it is not to be
traded and conceptualized and squeezed into a pattern of systems.
 
--Bruce Lee
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bruce_Lee>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 26: Children of Mana Published On

Children of Mana is a 2006 action role-playing game for the Nintendo DS
handheld console. It was developed by Square Enix and Nex Entertainment,
and published by Square Enix and Nintendo. It is the sixth game of the
Mana series and the first entry in the World of Mana subseries. Set in a
high fantasy universe, Children of Mana follows one of four young heroes
as they combat an invasion of monsters and learn about the cataclysmic
event that killed their families. Both the main plot and side-quests
require the player to fight through dungeons and defeat boss monsters
before returning to the central Mana Village. Like many of its
predecessors, the game features a local cooperative multiplayer
component. Children of Mana was designed by series creator Koichi Ishii,
directed by Yoshiki Ito, and produced by Takashi Orikata and Katsuji
Aoyama. The game was a moderate commercial success: it sold 100,000
copies in its first week of release, and over 280,000 copies in Japan by
the end of 2006. While critics praised the graphics and music as
beautiful and unique, they found the combat simplistic and repetitive,
and the story insubstantial.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_of_Mana>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1161:

A Song dynasty fleet defeated Jin dynasty ships in a naval
engagement on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Caishi>

1805:

The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, the longest and highest aqueduct in
Great Britain, opened.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontcysyllte_Aqueduct>

1922:

Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon became the first people to
enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3,000 years.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KV62>

1942:

The film Casablanca (poster pictured), starring Humphrey Bogart
and Ingrid Bergman, premiered at the Hollywood Theatre in New York City
to coincide with the Allied invasion of North Africa and the capture of
Casablanca.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca_(film)>

2011:

NASA launched the Mars Science Laboratory mission from Cape
Canaveral, with the Curiosity rover aboard.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

dzud:
A summer drought followed by a severe winter, generally causing serious
loss of livestock.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dzud>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Population has steadily increased, notwithstanding the waste that
has been made in the camp, the siege and the battle-field; and the
country, rejoicing in the consciousness of augmented strength and vigor,
is permitted to expect continuance of years with large increase of
freedom. No human counsel hath devised nor hath any mortal hand worked
out these great things. They are the gracious gifts of the Most High
God, who, while dealing with us in anger for our sins, hath nevertheless
remembered mercy. It has seemed to me fit and proper that they should be
solemnly, reverently and gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and
one voice by the whole American People. I do therefore invite my fellow
citizens in every part of the United States, and also those who are at
sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and
observe the last Thursday of November next, as a day of Thanksgiving and
Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens.  
--Abraham Lincoln
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 25: Ron Hamence with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Published On

Ron Hamence played for the Australian cricket team in 1948, dubbed the
"Invincibles", when they went undefeated for an unprecedented
34 matches on a tour of England. He was not instrumental in the team's
success, and his selection was a subject of controversy because many
batsmen who had scored more runs in the preceding Australian season had
been overlooked. Hamence played in only non-Test tour matches to allow
the leading batsmen to conserve energy for the Tests, as play was
scheduled for six days a week. Because the team captain Donald Bradman
was reluctant to risk the team's unbeaten record, Hamence did not
receive many opportunities to bat high in the order, and scored only
582 runs at a batting average of 32.33, with a top-score of 99. He was
the only frontline Australian batsman not to score a century. The
remaining eight frontline batsmen each scored at least 973 runs and all
averaged no less than 47.30.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Hamence_with_the_Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1948>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1491:

Reconquista: The Granada War was effectively brought to an end
with the signing of the Treaty of Granada between Castile-Aragon and the
Emirate of Granada.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_War>

1863:

American Civil War: Confederate forces were defeated at the
Battle of Missionary Ridge in Chattanooga, Tennessee, opening the door
to the Union's invasion of the Deep South.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Missionary_Ridge>

1915:

Albert Einstein presented to the Prussian Academy of Science
his field equations of general relativity.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_general_relativity>

1975:

Upon Suriname's independence from the Netherlands, Johan
Ferrier became its first president.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Ferrier>

1984:

Band Aid, a supergroup consisting of over 30 leading British
and Irish pop musicians, recorded the song "Do They Know It's
Christmas?" to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_They_Know_It%27s_Christmas%3F>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

whirlpool:
1. A swirling body of water.
2. Turmoil, or agitated excitement.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whirlpool>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  In the past several years, my hard work, my books which I wrote
through blood and tears, and the purpose of my life all has been focused
on: helping everyone to have a spring, so that everyone's heart will be
bright, everyone will have a happy life, and everyone will have the
freedom to develop in any way they want. I aroused people to have thirst
for, thirst for brightness; I put a cause in front of people, a cause
which is worthy of people's devotion.  
--Ba Jin
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ba_Jin>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 24: Rhythm Killers Published On

Rhythm Killers is the second studio album by Jamaican musical duo Sly
and Robbie (pictured), released in May 1987 on Island Records. First
known as a reggae band, the duo experimented in the 1980s with
electronic sounds and contemporary recording technology, while branching
out into international, cross-genre music. A funk and dance album,
Rhythm Killers has a dense sound that incorporates reggae, hip hop, hard
rock, worldbeat, and downtown music. Along with their live instruments,
Sly and Robbie used electronic recording equipment such as the Fairlight
CMI synthesizer and electronic drums. The album has been cited by music
writers for its electronic rhythms, its treatment of African-American
music elements, and Laswell's densely layered production. It peaked at
number 35 on the British Albums Chart, and also charted in the
Netherlands, Sweden, and New Zealand. The critic Robert Christgau named
it the seventh-best album of 1987. Two promotional singles were issued,
including the UK hit "Boops (Here to Go)". Sly and Robbie continued
their digital direction on subsequent albums. The album has since been
out of print.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_Killers>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1227:

High Duke of Poland Leszek the White was assassinated during a
diet of the Piast dukes.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_the_White>

1642:

A Dutch expedition led by Abel Tasman reached present-day
Tasmania, Australia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_Tasman>

1877:

Anna Sewell's influential animal welfare novel Black Beauty,
one of the best-selling books of all time, was first published.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Beauty>

1922:

Irish Civil War: Author and Irish nationalist Robert Erskine
Childers was executed by the Irish Free State for illegally carrying a
semi-automatic pistol.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Erskine_Childers>

1963:

Businessman Jack Ruby shot and fatally wounded Lee Harvey
Oswald, the alleged assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, during a
live television broadcast, fueling conspiracy theories on the matter.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ruby>

2012:

A fire at a clothing factory in the Ashulia district on the
outskirts of Dhaka, Bangladesh, killed at least 117 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Dhaka_fire>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

debacchate:
(rare) To rant as if drunk.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debacchate>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Hatred can never be good. … Here, and in what follows, I mean
by hatred only hatred towards men. … Envy, derision, contempt, anger,
revenge, and other emotions attributable to hatred, or arising
therefrom, are bad … Whatsoever we desire from motives of hatred is
base, and in a State unjust.  
--Baruch Spinoza
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 23: Burger's Daughter Published On

Burger's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South
African Nobel recipient Nadine Gordimer (pictured), first published in
the United Kingdom in 1979 by Jonathan Cape. Banned in South Africa for
three months by the Publications Control Board, the book follows a group
of white anti-apartheid activists who seek to overthrow the South
African government. Rosa, the title character, comes to terms with her
father's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party.
Gordimer was involved in the anti-apartheid movement and knew many of
the activists, including Bram Fischer, the defence lawyer at Nelson
Mandela's treason trial; she has described the book as a "coded homage"
to him. The novel was generally well received by critics; a review in
The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as "elegant"
and "fastidious", belonging to a "cultivated upper class". In 1980 it
won the Central News Agency Literary Award. When Gordimer won the 1991
Nobel Prize in Literature, Burger's Daughter was one of the books cited
during the awards ceremony.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger%27s_Daughter>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1733:

African slaves from Akwamu in the Danish West Indies revolted
against their owners, one of the earliest and longest slave revolts in
the Americas.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1733_slave_insurrection_on_St._John>

1867:

The Manchester Martyrs were hanged in Manchester, England, for
killing a police officer while helping two Irish nationalists escape
from police custody.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Martyrs>

1963:

The first episode of Doctor Who, the world's longest-running
science fiction television show, was broadcast on BBC television,
starring William Hartnell as the first incarnation of the title role.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Who>

1955:

The Cocos Islands in the Indian Ocean were transferred from
British to Australian control.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands>

2005:

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf won the Liberian general election, making
her the first democratically elected female head of state in Africa.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

vive:
(obsolete) Lively, animated; forcible.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vive>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely
according to conscience, above all liberties.  
--Areopagitica
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Areopagitica>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 22: Ancestry of the Godwins Published On

Very little is known for certain of the ancestry of the Godwins, the
family of the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, Harold II. When King
Edward the Confessor died in January 1066 the legitimate heir was his
great-nephew, Edgar Ætheling, but he was young and lacked powerful
supporters. Harold was the head of the most powerful family in England
and Edward's brother-in-law, and he became king. In September 1066
Harold defeated and killed King Harald Hardrada of Norway at the Battle
of Stamford Bridge, and Harold was himself defeated and killed the
following month by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. The
family is named after Harold's father, Earl Godwin, who had risen to a
position of wealth and influence under King Cnut in the 1020s. In 1045
Godwin's daughter, Edith, married King Edward the Confessor, and by the
mid-1050s Harold and his brothers had become dominant, almost
monopolising the English earldoms. Godwin was probably the son of
Wulfnoth Cild, a South Saxon thegn, but Wulfnoth's ancestry is disputed.
A few genealogists argue that he was descended from Alfred the Great's
elder brother, King Æthelred I, but almost all historians of Anglo-
Saxon England reject this theory.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry_of_the_Godwins>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1635:

Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launched a three-month
pacification campaign against Taiwanese aborigines.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_pacification_campaign_on_Formosa>

1831:

After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties,
rebellious silkworkers seized Lyon, France, beginning the First Canut
Revolt.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canut_revolts>

1975:

Two days after the death of Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos I was
declared King of Spain according to the law of succession promulgated by
Franco.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain>

1995:

Toy Story, the first feature film created using only computer-
generated imagery, was released.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story>

2005:

Angela Merkel assumed office as chancellor of Germany, the
first woman to do so.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

dory:
1. (nautical) A small flat-bottomed boat with pointed or somewhat pointed
ends, used for fishing both offshore and on rivers.
2. Any of several different families of large-eyed, silvery, deep-bodied,
laterally compressed, and roughly discoid marine fish. […]
3. A wooden pike or spear about three metres (ten feet) in length with a
flat, leaf-shaped iron spearhead and a bronze butt-spike (called a
sauroter), which was the main weapon of hoplites in Ancient Greece. It
was usually not thrown but rather thrust at opponents with one hand.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dory>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Patriotism is when love of your own people comes first;
nationalism, when hate for people other than your own comes first.
 
--Charles de Gaulle
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 21: Trout Creek Mountains Published On

The Trout Creek Mountains are a Great Basin range in Oregon and Nevada
in the United States. Oriented generally north–south, the mountains
consist mostly of fault blocks of basalt, while the southern end has
granitic outcrops. Overall, the faulted terrain is dominated by rolling
hills cut by canyons. Most of the range is federal land, and there is
little human development, apart from cattle ranching. The public land,
dominated by big sagebrush and desert grasses, is open to recreation but
is rarely visited. Sage grouse and mountain chickadee are two native
bird species, and pronghorn and jackrabbit are common mammals. Despite a
dry climate, rare Lahontan cutthroat trout persist in a few streams
after declining for much of the 20th century. In the 1980s, the effects
of grazing on riparian zones and fish led to land-use conflict. The
Trout Creek Mountain Working Group was formed in 1988 to resolve
disagreements among ranchers, environmentalists, government agencies,
and other parties. Stakeholders agreed on changes to land-use practices,
and since the early 1990s, riparian zones have begun to recover.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trout_Creek_Mountains>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1386:

Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur captured and sacked the Georgian
capital of Tbilisi, forcing King Bagrat V to convert to Islam.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur%27s_invasions_of_Georgia>

1894:

First Sino-Japanese War: After capturing the city of
Lüshunkou, the Japanese Second Army killed more than 1,000 Chinese
servicemen and civilians.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur_massacre_(China)>

1920:

Irish War of Independence: On Bloody Sunday in Dublin, the
Irish Republican Army killed more than a dozen members of the "Cairo
Gang", and the Royal Irish Constabulary opened fire during a Gaelic
football match in Croke Park.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)>

1977:

"God Defend New Zealand" (audio featured) became New Zealand's
second national anthem, on equal standing with "God Save the Queen",
which had been the traditional one since 1840.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Defend_New_Zealand>

2009:

An explosion in a coal mine in Heilongjiang, China, killed 108
miners.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Heilongjiang_mine_explosion>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

three-fisted:
1. Having three components or parts.
2. Aggressive, energetic, enthusiastic, exuberant; two-fisted.
3. In three-fisted drinker: able to consume large quantities of liquor
without ill effects; heavy (drinker); compare two-fisted drinker.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/three-fisted>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Morality is everywhere the same for all men, therefore it comes
from God; sects differ, therefore they are the work of men.  
--Voltaire
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltaire>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 20: California State Route 75 Published On

State Route 75 (SR 75) is a 13-mile (21 km) expressway in San Diego
County, California. It is a loop route of Interstate 5 that begins near
Imperial Beach, heading west on Palm Avenue. The route continues north
along the Silver Strand, a thin strip of land bordering San Diego Bay,
through Silver Strand State Beach. SR 75 passes through the city of
Coronado as Orange Avenue (pictured) and continues onto the San
Diego–Coronado Bay Bridge over the bay, before joining back with
Interstate 5 near downtown San Diego at a freeway interchange. Orange
Avenue dates from the late 19th century, and the Silver Strand Highway
was open to the public by 1924. What would become SR 75 was added to
the state highway system in 1933 and designated Legislative Route 199 in
1935. SR 75 was not officially designated until the 1964 state highway
renumbering. The Coronado Bay Bridge opened in 1969, providing a direct
connection between San Diego and Coronado. SR 75 is marked as a scenic
route for nearly its entire length.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Route_75>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

284:

Diocletian became Roman emperor, eventually establishing reforms
that ended the Crisis of the Third Century.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian>

1776:

American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Fort Lee marked the
invasion of New Jersey by British and Hessian forces and the subsequent
general retreat of the Continental Army.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park>

1845:

Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: The Argentine
Confederation were defeated in the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado, but the
losses ultimately made the United Kingdom and France give up the
blockade.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vuelta_de_Obligado>

1945:

The Nuremberg trials (defendants pictured) of 24 leading Nazis
involved in the Holocaust and various war crimes during World War II
began in Nuremberg, Germany.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials>

1979:

A group of armed insurgents attacked and took over the Masjid
al-Haram in Mecca, declaring that one of their leaders, Muhammad bin abd
Allah al-Qahtani, was the Mahdi, the prophesied redeemer of Islam.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

adoxography:
(rhetoric) Fine writing on a minor or trivial subject.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adoxography>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  When you teach a man to hate and fear his brother, when you teach
that he is a lesser man because of his color or his beliefs or the
policies he pursues, when you teach that those who differ from you
threaten your freedom or your job or your family, then you also learn to
confront others not as fellow citizens but as enemies, to be met not
with cooperation but with conquest; to be subjugated and mastered. We
learn, at the last, to look at our brothers as aliens, men with whom we
share a city, but not a community; men bound to us in common dwelling,
but not in common effort. We learn to share only a common fear, only a
common desire to retreat from each other, only a common impulse to meet
disagreement with force.  
--Robert F. Kennedy
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 19: Romance (Luis Miguel album) Published On

Romance is the eighth studio album by Mexican singer Luis Miguel
(pictured), released by WEA Latina in 1991. At the suggestion of his
manager, he recorded classic boleros on the album, after songwriter Juan
Carlos Calderón pulled out of a collaboration on pop songs and ballads.
Singer-songwriter Armando Manzanero co-produced the album with Miguel,
with arrangements by Bebu Silvetti. Miguel promoted the record with a
tour of the United States and Latin America. The songs were generally
well received by music critics, who praised the singing and production,
and Miguel received a Grammy nomination for Best Latin Pop Album.
Romance sold over seven million copies worldwide. In the United States,
it spent 32 weeks at number one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart,
and was the first Spanish-language album by a non-crossover Latin artist
to be certified gold; it was also certified gold in Brazil and Taiwan.
Romance is the third-bestselling album of all time in Mexico, and the
bestselling record in Argentina by a non-native artist. The album
revived interest in bolero music, and Miguel released three more bolero
records between 1994 and 2001.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_(Luis_Miguel_album)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1493:

Christopher Columbus became the first European to land on
Puerto Rico, naming it San Juan Bautista after John the Baptist.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico>

1816:

The University of Warsaw, the largest university in Poland, was
established as Congress Poland found itself a territory without a
university.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Warsaw>

1942:

World War II: Soviet troops launched Operation Uranus at the
Battle of Stalingrad, with the goal of encircling Axis forces, turning
the tide of the battle in the Soviet Union's favour.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Uranus>

1985:

Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and US President
Ronald Reagan (both pictured) held the first of five summit meetings
between them in Geneva.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)>

2005:

Iraq War: A group of United States Marines allegedly massacred
twenty-four people in the town of Haditha in Iraq.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haditha_killings>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

trite:
Often in reference to a word or phrase: used so many times that it is
commonplace, or no longer interesting or effective; worn out, hackneyed.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trite>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Normal is not something to aspire to, it is something to get away
from.  
--Jodie Foster
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jodie_Foster>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 18: African crake Published On

The African crake (Crex egregia) is a bird in the rail family that
breeds in most of sub-Saharan Africa, except for the arid south and
southwest. A partial migrant, it moves away from the equator as soon as
the rains provide sufficient grassland or crops for breeding areas. It
is commonly found in most of its range, depending on the season. A
smallish crake, it has brown-streaked blackish upperparts, bluish-grey
underparts and black-and-white barring on the flanks and belly, with a
red bill, red eyes, and white facial streak. Its most characteristic
call is a series of rapid grating krrr notes. The male has a territorial
threat display, and may fight at territory boundaries. The nest is a
shallow cup of grass leaves built in a depression under a grass tussock
or small bush. The 3–11 eggs start hatching after about 14 days, and
the black, downy precocial chicks fledge after four to five weeks. The
African crake feeds on a wide range of invertebrates, along with some
small frogs and fish, and plant material, especially grass seeds. It may
itself be eaten by large birds of prey, snakes, or mammals, including
humans.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_crake>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1210:

Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor was excommunicated by Pope Innocent
III after he commanded the Pope to annul the Concordat of Worms.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor>

1812:

Napoleonic Wars: During Napoleon's invasion of Russia, Marshal
Michel Ney's leadership in the Battle of Krasnoi earned him the nickname
"the bravest of the brave" despite the overwhelming French defeat.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnoi>

1865:

American author Mark Twain's story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog
of Calaveras County", his first great success as a writer, was
published.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celebrated_Jumping_Frog_of_Calaveras_County>

1943:

Second World War: The Royal Air Force began its bombing
campaign against Berlin (ruins of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin_(RAF_campaign)>

1985:

Calvin and Hobbes, a comic strip by Bill Watterson that was at
its height one of the most popular in the world, was first published.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_and_Hobbes>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

sodden:
1. Soaked or drenched with liquid; soggy, saturated.
2. (figuratively) Drunk; stupid as a result of drunkenness.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodden>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Most people find the word "Apocalypse" to be a terrifying concept.
Checked in the dictionary, it means only revelation, although it
obviously has also come to mean end of the world. As to what the end of
the world means, I would say that probably depends on what we mean by
world. I don't think this means the planet, or even the life forms upon
the planet. I think the world is purely a construction of ideas, and not
just the physical structures, but the mental structures, the ideologies
that we've erected, THAT is what I would call the world. Our political
structures, philosophical structures, ideological frameworks, economies.
These are actually imaginary things, and yet that is the framework that
we have built our entire world upon. It strikes me that a strong enough
wave of information could completely overturn and destroy all of that. A
sudden realization that would change our entire perspective upon who we
are and how we exist.  
--Alan Moore
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alan_Moore>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 17: Tyrone Garland Published On

Tyrone Garland (born 1992) is an American professional basketball player
who last played with the National Basketball League of Canada's
Mississauga Power, before the team folded in 2015. Garland initially
competed at the collegiate level with the Virginia Tech Hokies, but
transferred out during his sophomore season after limited playing time.
Before his 2012–13 junior season, he joined the La Salle Explorers and
instantly assumed a leading role. He lifted them to a second-round win
at the 2013 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament with a game-
winning shot known as the "Southwest Philly Floater". By the end of his
college career, his senior basketball class at La Salle had become the
most successful in 22 years. Prior to that, Garland starred for John
Bartram High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he finished
third on the all-time Philadelphia Public League scoring list in 2010,
behind only Maureece Rice and Wilt Chamberlain.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_Garland>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1558:

Elizabeth I became Queen of England and Ireland, marking the
beginning of the Elizabethan era.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England>

1869:

The Suez Canal opened, allowing shipping to travel between
Europe and Asia via the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal>

1905:

Influenced by the result of the Russo-Japanese War, the Empire
of Japan and the Korean Empire signed the Eulsa Treaty, effectively
depriving Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905>

1950:

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, was enthroned as Tibet's
head of state at the age of fifteen.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama>

1968:

NBC controversially cut away from an American football game
between the Oakland Raiders and New York Jets to broadcast Heidi,
causing viewers in the Eastern United States to miss the game's dramatic
ending.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidi_Game>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

fedge:
A fence made up of living plants, especially willow, thus somewhat
resembling a hedge.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fedge>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  As to the American tradition of non-meddling, Anarchism asks that
it be carried down to the individual himself. It demands no jealous
barrier of isolation; it knows that such isolation is undesirable and
impossible; but it teaches that by all men's strictly minding their own
business, a fluid society, freely adapting itself to mutual needs,
wherein all the world shall belong to all men, as much as each has need
or desire, will result. And when Modern Revolution has thus been carried
to the heart of the whole world — if it ever shall be, as I hope it
will — then may we hope to see a resurrection of that proud spirit of
our fathers which put the simple dignity of Man above the gauds of
wealth and class, and held that to be an American was greater than to be
a king. In that day there shall be neither kings nor Americans — only
Men; over the whole earth, MEN.  
--Voltairine de Cleyre
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 16: Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū Published On

Hiryū ("Flying Dragon") was an aircraft carrier built for the Imperial
Japanese Navy during the 1930s. The only ship of her class, she was
built to a modified Sōryū design. Her aircraft supported the Japanese
invasion of French Indochina in mid-1940. During the first month of the
Pacific War, she took part in the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Battle
of Wake Island. In early 1942, the ship's aircraft supported the
conquest of the Dutch East Indies and bombed Darwin, Australia. After a
brief refit, Hiryū and three other fleet carriers of the First Air
Fleet (Kido Butai) participated in the Battle of Midway in June. After
bombarding American forces on the atoll, the carriers were attacked by
aircraft from Midway and from the carriers USS Enterprise, Hornet, and
Yorktown. Dive bombers from Yorktown and Enterprise crippled Hiryū and
set her afire. She was scuttled the following day after it became clear
that she could not be salvaged. The loss of Hiryū and three other
carriers at Midway was a crucial strategic defeat for Japan and
contributed significantly to the Allies' ultimate victory in the
Pacific.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1532:

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: Spanish Conquistador
Francisco Pizarro orchestrated a surprise attack in Cajamarca, Peru,
capturing Sapa Inca Atahualpa.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca>

1885:

After a five-day trial following the North-West Rebellion,
Louis Riel, Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of
Manitoba", was executed by hanging for high treason.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Riel>

1945:

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) was founded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO>

1979:

The first line of Bucharest Metro (train pictured), the M1
Line, opened from Timpuri Noi to Semănătoarea in Bucharest, Romania.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest_Metro>

1997:

Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng was released for "medical
reasons" after spending 17½ of the previous 18 years in prison, and was
deported to the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Jingsheng>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

galanthophile:
An enthusiastic collector of snowdrops.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galanthophile>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Any persons may attempt to unite kindred spirits, but, whatever
their hopes and longings, none have the right to impose their vision of
unity upon the rest.  
--Robert Nozick
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 15: Boys Don't Cry (film) Published On

Boys Don't Cry is a 1999 American independent drama film directed by
Kimberly Peirce and written by Peirce and Andy Bienen. Starring Hilary
Swank (pictured), it dramatizes the real-life story of Brandon Teena, a
trans man who is beaten, raped and murdered by his male acquaintances
after they discover he is transgender. The film also stars Chloë
Sevigny, Peter Sarsgaard, Brendan Sexton III, and Alicia Goranson.
Peirce's interest in the events surrounding Brandon's murder led to a
nearly five-year-long writing and casting process. Principal photography
in Greenville, Texas, lasted 30 days. Film scholars and reviewers have
focused on the film's depiction of romantic relationships and the causes
of violence against LGBT people, among other themes. After premiering at
the Toronto International Film Festival in October 1999, Boys Don't Cry
grossed roughly $12 million in North America. The film was very well
received by critics, and Swank won the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys_Don%27t_Cry_(film)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1315:

A 1,500-strong force from the Swiss Confederacy ambushed a
group of Austrian soldiers of the Holy Roman Empire on the shores of
Lake Ägerisee in Switzerland.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Morgarten>

1688:

Prince William of Orange landed at Brixham in Devon, on his way
to depose his uncle and father-in-law King James II, the last Catholic
monarch of England.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution>

1859:

Sponsored by businessman Evangelos Zappas, the first modern
revival of the Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zappas_Olympics>

1935:

The Commonwealth of the Philippines was officially established,
with Manuel L. Quezon inaugurated as its president.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines>

1988:

PLO leader Yasser Arafat proclaimed the creation of the State
of Palestine as "the state of Palestinians wherever they may be".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

poculiform:
Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poculiform>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Peace for Paris  
--Jean Jullien
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jean_Jullien>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 14: Elias Abraham Rosenberg Published On

Elias Abraham Rosenberg (c. 1810 – 1887) was an adviser to King
Kalākaua of Hawaii. He had lived in San Francisco in the 1880s, working
as a peddler and selling illegal lottery tickets. In 1886, he traveled
to Hawaii and performed as a fortune-teller. Endearing himself to the
king with favorable predictions, he received lavish gifts and was
appointed as a kahuna-kilokilo (royal soothsayer), customs appraiser,
and guard. Rosenberg and the king enjoyed talking and drinking together,
but he was distrusted by other royal advisers and satirized in the
Hawaiian press. He encouraged the king to revive the traditional
Hawaiian religion, an idea that fascinated Kalākaua but angered
political rivals. In 1887 Rosenberg returned to California; a month
later, he was admitted to a hospital in San Francisco, where he died. In
Hawaii, the 1887 Constitution—which curtailed royal power—was forced
on Kalākaua. A Torah scroll presented to the king by Rosenberg was
later exhibited with other royal treasures and eventually donated to
Temple Emanu-El in Honolulu.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Abraham_Rosenberg>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1910:

Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performed the first takeoff from a
ship, flying from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in Hampton
Roads, Virginia, US.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Burton_Ely>

1940:

Second World War: Coventry Cathedral and much of the city
centre of Coventry, England, were destroyed by the German Luftwaffe
during the Coventry Blitz.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Blitz>

1975:

With the signing of the Madrid Accords, Spain agreed to
withdraw its presence from the territory of Spanish Sahara.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Accords>

1995:

As a result of budget conflicts between President Bill Clinton
and the United States Congress led by Newt Gingrich, the federal
government was forced to shut down non-essential services.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government_shutdowns_of_1995%E2%80%931996>

2003:

Astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L.
Rabinowitz discovered the trans-Neptunian object 90377 Sedna.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

calamondin:
1. A small decorative evergreen citrus tree, of the species Citrofortunella
mitis, sometimes cultivated for its fruit.
2. The fruit of this tree.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calamondin>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The Democrats are the party that says government will make you
smarter, taller, richer, and remove the crabgrass on your lawn. The
Republicans are the party that says government doesn't work and then get
elected and prove it.  
--P. J. O'Rourke
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/P._J._O%27Rourke>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 13: Typhoon Gay (1992) Published On

Typhoon Gay was the strongest and longest-lasting storm of the 1992
Pacific typhoon season. Forming in November near the International Date
Line, Gay moved through the Marshall Islands as an intensifying typhoon,
severely damaging crops and leaving 5,000 people homeless. The nation's
capital of Majuro experienced power and water outages during the storm.
There were no fatalities among Marshall Islands citizens, although the
typhoon killed an American woman in a yacht. After passing through the
country, Gay reached its peak intensity over open waters before
weakening rapidly and striking Guam. Most of the weaker structures on
that island had been destroyed during Typhoon Omar earlier in the year,
and Gay caused little additional structural damage, but strong, salty
winds defoliated plants. The typhoon briefly re-intensified before
weakening and becoming extratropical south of Japan, where it brought
flooding and power outages to Okinawa Prefecture.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Gay_(1992)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1642:

First English Civil War: The Royalist army engaged the much
larger Parliamentarian army at the Battle of Turnham Green near Turnham
Green, Middlesex.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Turnham_Green>

1841:

Scottish surgeon James Braid observed a demonstration of animal
magnetism, which inspired him to study the subject he eventually called
hypnotism.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)>

1940:

Walt Disney's Fantasia, the first commercial film shown in
stereophonic sound, premiered in thirteen cities across the United
States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)>

1985:

The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted, causing a volcanic
mudslide that buried the town of Armero, Colombia (destruction
pictured), and killed approximately 23,000 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armero_tragedy>

1990:

A man began shooting people indiscriminately in Aramoana, New
Zealand, killing thirteen people in the country's deadliest criminal
shooting.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramoana_massacre>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

Romanesco:
1. Romanesco broccoli, a light-green edible flower bud of the species
Brassica oleracea, which is thus related to broccoli and cauliflower.
Its form is a natural approximation of a fractal.
2. Romanesco dialect, the dialect of Italian language spoken in Rome.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Romanesco>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  An unjust law is no law at all.  
--Augustine of Hippo
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 12: Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies Published On

Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies, published from 1757 to 1795,
was an annual directory of prostitutes working in and around Covent
Garden, London. It sold for two shillings and sixpence, and in 1791 had
an estimated circulation of around 8,000 copies. Each edition contains
entries describing the physical appearance and sexual specialities of
about 120–190 prostitutes, in sometimes lurid detail. While most
entries compliment their subjects, some are critical of bad habits, and
a few women are even treated as pariahs, perhaps having fallen out of
favour with the lists' authors, who are never revealed. Samuel Derrick
is normally credited for originating Harris's List, which may have been
named after a Covent Garden pimp, Jack Harris. A Grub Street hack,
Derrick may have written the lists from 1757 until his death in 1769;
thereafter, the annual's authors are unknown. As the public's opinion
began to turn against London's sex trade, and with reformers petitioning
the authorities to take action, those involved in the release of
Harris's List were in 1795 fined and imprisoned. Modern writers tend to
view Harris's List as erotica.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%27s_List_of_Covent_Garden_Ladies>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1028:

Future Byzantine empress Zoe first took the throne as empress
consort to Romanos III Argyros.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita>

1893:

Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary of British India, and Abdur
Rahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan, signed the Durand Line Agreement,
establishing what is now the international border between Afghanistan
and Pakistan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durand_Line>

1940:

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov arrived in Berlin to
discuss the possibility of the Soviet Union joining the Axis Powers.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks>

1945:

Sudirman was elected the first commander-in-chief of the
Indonesian Armed Forces.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudirman>

1970:

The Oregon Highway Division unsuccessfully attempted to destroy
a rotting beached sperm whale near Florence, Oregon, with explosives.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_whale>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

inoculate:
1. (transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine
into the body, as to produce immunity to a specific disease.
2. (transitive, by extension) To safeguard or protect something as if by
inoculation.
3. To add one substance to another; to spike.
4. To graft by inserting buds.
5. (figuratively) To introduce into the mind (used especially of harmful
ideas or principles); to imbue.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inoculate>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Man is the supreme Talisman. Lack of a proper education hath,
however, deprived him of that which he doth inherently possess. Through
a word proceeding out of the mouth of God he was called into being; by
one word more he was guided to recognize the Source of his education; by
yet another word his station and destiny were safeguarded. The Great
Being saith: Regard man as a mine rich in gems of inestimable value.
Education can, alone, cause it to reveal its treasures, and enable
mankind to benefit therefrom.  
--Bahá'u'lláh
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 11: Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence Published On

Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence was adopted by the
mostly white minority government of Prime Minister Ian Smith on 11
November 1965. It announced that the British colony of Rhodesia, self-
governed since 1923, regarded itself as a sovereign state. The
culmination of a protracted dispute between the British and Rhodesian
governments, it was the first unilateral breakaway by a British colony
since the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was
largely motivated by the perception among white Rhodesians that they
were due independence following four decades of self-government and that
Britain was betraying them by insisting on majority rule as a condition;
the white minority of about 5% was loath to transfer power to black
nationalists because of racial tensions and reservations about the
country's stability. Britain, the Commonwealth and the United Nations
deemed Rhodesia's declaration illegal, and economic sanctions, the first
in the UN's history, were imposed on the breakaway colony. Rhodesia
continued as an unrecognised state until the Lancaster House Agreement
of 1979, and became Zimbabwe in 1980.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1620:

The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of the
Plymouth Colony, was signed by 41 of the Mayflower‍ '​s passengers
while the ship was anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower_Compact>

1805:

War of the Third Coalition: French, Austrian and Russian units
all suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Dürenstein.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein>

1926:

The plan for the United States Numbered Highway System was
approved by the American Association of State Highway Officials.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways>

1940:

World War II: The German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis captured
top secret documents from SS Automedon that would later influence
Japan's decision to enter the war.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Atlantis>

1960:

A coup attempt by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam against
President Ngo Dinh Diem was crushed after Diem falsely promised reform,
allowing loyalists to rescue him.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_South_Vietnamese_coup_attempt>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

Catch-22:
(idiomatic) A difficult situation from which there is no escape because
it involves mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catch-22>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Whatever occurs, may justice and righteousness be the stability of
our times, and order arise out of confusion. Great difficulties may be
surmounted by patience and perseverance.  
--Abigail Adams
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Abigail_Adams>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 10: 1975 Australian constitutional crisis Published On

The 1975 Australian constitutional crisis culminated on 11 November when
Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed Gough Whitlam (pictured, left)
of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) as prime minister and appointed
Opposition Leader Malcolm Fraser (pictured, right) as caretaker. The
Whitlam Government had been rocked by scandals and political
miscalculations. In October the Opposition blocked bills in the Senate
financing the government, and urged Kerr to dismiss Whitlam unless he
agreed to call an election for the House of Representatives. On 11
November, Whitlam intended to call a half-Senate election instead, but
when he met with Kerr to seek his approval, Kerr dismissed him as prime
minister. Before the ALP parliamentarians knew what had happened, Fraser
and his allies secured passage of the appropriation bills and Kerr
dissolved Parliament. Fraser and his government were returned with a
large majority in elections the following month. Widely vilified by ALP
supporters for his actions, Kerr resigned early as governor-general and
lived much of his remaining life abroad.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1202:

The first major action of the Fourth Crusade and the first
attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders, the Siege of Zara,
began in Zadar, Croatia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Zara>

1775:

The United States Marine Corps was founded as the Continental
Marines by a resolution of the Second Continental Congress during the
American Revolutionary War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps>

1940:

A magnitude 7.7 ML earthquake struck the Vrancea region of
Romania, the country's strongest earthquake in the 20th century.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Vrancea_earthquake>

1945:

Indonesian National Revolution: Following the killing of the
British officer Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby a few weeks prior, British
forces began their retaliation by attacking Surabaya, Indonesia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Surabaya>

1975:

The SS Edmund Fitzgerald, the largest ship on North America's
Great Lakes, sank in Lake Superior with the loss of 29 lives.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

birdsmouth:
(carpentry) A notch cut into the underside of a rafter to ensure that it
does not move when resting on the wall plate running across the top of a
wall; a similar notch in other components.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/birdsmouth>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Everybody has a secret world inside of them. All of the people of
the world, I mean everybody. No matter how dull and boring they are on
the outside, inside them they've all got unimaginable, magnificent,
wonderful, stupid, amazing worlds. Not just one world. Hundreds of them.
Thousands maybe.  
--The Sandman
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Sandman#A_Game_of_You>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 9: McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Published On

The McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II is a single-engine ground-attack
aircraft. A successor to the Harrier Jump Jet, it was designed in the
late 1970s at McDonnell Douglas for vertical or short takeoff and
landing. Primarily for light attack or multi-role missions, it is
deployed by the United States Marine Corps, the Spanish Navy, and the
Italian Navy. Development of the AV-8B started in the early 1970s. It
made its maiden flight in 1981 and entered service with the US Marines
in 1985. The UK rejoined the Harrier project as a partner in 1981; since
corporate mergers in the 1990s, Boeing and BAE Systems have jointly
supported the program. Around 340 aircraft, all powered by the Rolls-
Royce Pegasus engine, were produced over 22 years. Typically operated
from small aircraft carriers, large amphibious assault ships or forward
operating bases, AV-8Bs have participated in numerous military and
humanitarian operations. They have proved themselves versatile assets,
although their accident rate during takeoffs and landings has been
relatively high.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1799:

The coup of 18 Brumaire led by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès and
Napoleon deposed the French government, replacing the Directory with the
Consulate.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire>

1867:

Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last shogun of Japan, tendered his
resignation to the Emperor Meiji.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu>

1888:

Mary Jane Kelly was murdered in London; she was widely believed
to be the fifth and final victim of the notorious unidentified serial
killer Jack the Ripper.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jane_Kelly>

1967:

The first issue of Rolling Stone, the American-based magazine
devoted to music, liberal politics and popular culture, was published.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone>

1985:

At age 22, Garry Kasparov became the youngest-ever undisputed
World Chess Champion by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

welfare trap:
(US) A situation where the welfare system keeps people on social
insurance because entering low-paid work does not result into a
significant income increase.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/welfare_trap>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  A central lesson of science is that to understand complex issues
(or even simple ones), we must try to free our minds of dogma and to
guarantee the freedom to publish, to contradict, and to experiment.
Arguments from authority are unacceptable.  
--Carl Sagan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 8: St. Johns River Published On

The St. Johns River, at 310 miles (500 km), is the longest river in the
U.S. state of Florida. From the headwaters to the mouth, its drop in
elevation is less than 30 feet (9 m) as it runs through or alongside
twelve counties, creating a very low flow rate. The river's widest point
is nearly 3 miles (5 km) across, and its narrowest point is in the
headwaters, a marsh in Indian River County. In all, 3.5 million people
live within the various watersheds that feed into the river. The entire
drainage basin of 8,840 square miles (22,900 km2) includes some of
Florida's major wetlands. Residents along or near the St. Johns have
included Paleo-Indians, Archaic people, Timucua, Mocama, French and
Spanish settlers, Seminoles, Colonial-era pioneer settlers, slaves and
freedmen. It has been the subject of William Bartram's journals,
Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings' books, and Harriet Beecher Stowe's letters. In
1998 the Environmental Protection Agency named the river one of 14
American Heritage Rivers.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Johns_River>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1602:

The Bodleian Library, one of Europe's oldest libraries, opened
at the University of Oxford.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Library>

1837:

In South Hadley, Massachusetts, US, Mary Lyon founded a
seminary for women that became Mount Holyoke College, the first of the
Seven Sisters group of colleges.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_College>

1940:

The Italian invasion of Greece failed as outnumbered Greek
units repulsed the Italians in the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Elaia%E2%80%93Kalamas>

1965:

Vietnam War: In the Battle of Gang Toi, one of the earliest
battles between the two sides, Viet Cong forces repelled an Australian
attack.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gang_Toi>

2013:

Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Visayas region of the
Philippines, killing at least 6,300 people, making it the deadliest
Philippine typhoon recorded in modern history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

klecksography:
The art of making images from inkblots.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/klecksography>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I saw and understood that every Shewing is full of secret things.
 
--Julian of Norwich
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 7: Perovskia atriplicifolia Published On

Perovskia atriplicifolia, commonly called Russian sage, is a flowering
herbaceous perennial plant and subshrub. Although not a member of the
genus of the common sage, it is closely related. It typically reaches
0.5–1.2 m (1 ft 8 in–3 ft 11 in) tall, with square stems and
gray-green leaves that yield a distinctive odor when crushed, but it is
best known for its blue or violet blossoms arranged in showy, branched
panicles. Native to the steppes and hills of southwestern and central
Asia, it was introduced to cultivation by Vasily Perovsky in the 19th
century. Several cultivars have been developed; 'Blue Spire' is the most
common. The species has a long history of use in its native range in
traditional medicine, for a variety of ailments. Its flowers can be
eaten in salads or crushed for dyemaking. P. atriplicifolia was the
Perennial Plant Association's 1995 Plant of the Year, and the 'Blue
Spire' cultivar received the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal
Horticultural Society.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskia_atriplicifolia>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1665:

The London Gazette, the oldest surviving English-language
newspaper, was first published as the Oxford Gazette.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette>

1775:

Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of the British Colony of
Virginia, signed a proclamation promising freedom for slaves of Patriots
if they joined the British Armed Forces.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunmore%27s_Proclamation>

1917:

Vladimir Lenin led a Bolshevik insurrection against the
Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky, starting the Bolshevik
Revolution.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution>

1987:

Singapore's first Mass Rapid Transit line was opened, starting
with train services between Yio Chu Kang and Toa Payoh stations.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_Rapid_Transit_(Singapore)>

2000:

Hillary Clinton was elected as a Senator, becoming the first
First Lady to win public office in the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

addling:
Causing fertilised eggs to lose viability, by killing the developing
embryo within through shaking, piercing, freezing or oiling, without
breaking the shell.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/addling>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now
is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less.  
--Marie Curie
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marie_Curie>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org

[Daily article] November 6: Master System Published On

The Master System is a third-generation home video game console from
Sega, released in the late 1980s. The original models took game
cartridges as well as credit-card-sized Sega Cards; accessories included
a light gun and 3D glasses. The system's hardware was superior to that
of the competing Nintendo Entertainment System, and it boasted several
well-received game titles, but Nintendo's licensing practices prevented
Sega from acquiring many of the more popular titles. Sega failed to gain
a significant market share in Japan and North America, but was more
successful in Europe and Brazil. Sales of the console reached an
estimated 10 to 13 million units before the arrival of its successor,
the Sega Genesis, compared to 62 million Nintendo Entertainment System
units sold. The Master System has been sold for 26 years, longer than
any other game console, due to its continuing popularity in Brazil.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_System>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1789:

Pope Pius VI appointed Father John Carroll as the first
Catholic bishop in the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(bishop)>

1865:

Months after the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse effectively
ended the American Civil War, the CSS Shenandoah became the last
Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe on
a cruise on which it sank or captured 38 vessels.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Shenandoah>

1935:

The Hawker Hurricane, the aircraft responsible for 60% of the
Royal Air Force's air victories in the Battle of Britain, made its first
flight.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane>

1939:

As part of their plan to eradicate the Polish intellectual
elite, the Gestapo arrested 184 professors, students and employees of
Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderaktion_Krakau>

1995:

Madagascar's Rova of Antananarivo, which served as the royal
palace from the 17th to 19th centuries, was destroyed by fire.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rova_of_Antananarivo>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

tenacious:
1. Clinging to an object or surface; adhesive.
2. Unwilling to yield or give up; dogged.
3. Holding together; cohesive.
4. Having a good memory; retentive.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tenacious>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Go so far as you can see and when you get there you will always be
able to see farther. … as you head toward your goals, be prepared to
make some slight adjustments to your course. You don't change your
decision to go — you do change your direction to get there.  
--Zig Ziglar
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Zig_Ziglar>

_______________________________________________
Wikipedia Daily Article mailing list.
To unsubscribe, visit:
https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l
Questions or comments? Contact dal-feedback@wikimedia.org