[Daily article] August 31: Mr. Dooley Published On

Mr. Dooley is a fictional bartender created by American journalist
Finley Peter Dunne, appearing in print between 1893 and 1915, and again
in 1924 and 1926. The bartender's humorous but pointed commentary on
American politics and international affairs first became popular during
the 1898 Spanish–American War. Dunne's essays are in the form of
conversations in an Irish dialect of English between Mr. Dooley, the
owner of a fictional tavern in the Bridgeport area of Chicago, and one
of the bar's patrons. From 1898 onwards, the essays, and the books
collecting them, gained national acclaim. Dunne became a friend of
President Theodore Roosevelt, although the friendship did not curtail
his satire. Beginning around 1905, Dunne had increasing trouble finding
time and inspiration for new pieces, and, except for a brief
resurrection in the mid-1920s, his columns ended in 1915. Even before
his death in 1936, his work was becoming obscure due in part to his use
of dialect and unusual spellings. The columns originated lasting sayings
such as "the Supreme Court follows the election returns".

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Dooley>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1888:

Mary Ann Nichols' body was found on the ground in front of a
gated stable entrance in Buck's Row, London, allegedly the first victim
of the unidentified serial killer known as Jack the Ripper.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper>

1897:

Thomas Edison was granted a patent for the Kinetoscope, a
precursor to the movie projector.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoscope>

1939:

Nazi forces, posing as Poles, staged an attack against the
German radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia,
Germany, creating an excuse to invade Poland the next day.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleiwitz_incident>

1978:

Musa al-Sadr, the Iranian-born Shia cleric and then religious
leader of Lebanon, disappeared in Libya while on an official visit.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_al-Sadr>

1986:

Aeroméxico Flight 498 collided with a privately owned Piper
PA-28 Cherokee aircraft over Cerritos, California, killing 67 in the air
and 15 on the ground.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Cerritos_mid-air_collision>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

slough of despond:
1. A dreary bog or marsh.
2. (figuratively) A state of disheartening hopelessness.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slough_of_despond>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I don't expect you to understand anything I'm telling you. But I
know you will remember this — that nothing good ever ends. If it did,
there would be no people in the world — no life at all, anywhere. And
the world is full of people and full of wonderful life.  
--William Saroyan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Saroyan>

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[Daily article] August 30: Siege of Sidney Street Published On

The Siege of Sidney Street of January 1911 was a gunfight in the East
End of London. During an attempted jewellery robbery at Houndsditch by a
gang of immigrant Latvians, their leader George Gardstein was mortally
wounded. Two weeks later, the last two unapprehended suspects were
tracked down at 100 Sidney Street in Stepney. Local residents were
evacuated, and a gunfight broke out with the police. After a six-hour
siege, a fire consumed the building, and the bodies of the two suspects
were found within. One of the firemen, Superintendent Charles Pearson,
was killed when the building collapsed. The siege marked the first time
the police had requested army assistance in London to deal with an armed
stand-off. It was also the first siege in Britain to be filmed, by
Pathé News. Winston Churchill, the Home Secretary, who was present at
the siege, said that he gave no instructions to the police, but a
Metropolitan police history of the event contradicted this. One of those
arrested for the robbery had his conviction overturned on appeal; the
rest were acquitted. The events were fictionalised in novels and in the
films The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934) and The Siege of Sidney Street
(1960).

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sidney_Street>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1799:

Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: A squadron of the navy of
the Batavian Republic surrendered to the Royal Navy without a fight near
Wieringen.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlieter_Incident>

1813:

Creek War: A force of Creeks belonging to the Red Sticks
faction killed hundreds of settlers in Fort Mims in Alabama.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Mims_massacre>

1918:

Fanny Kaplan shot and wounded Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin,
one of the events leading to the Red Terror in the future Soviet Union,
a repression against Socialist Revolutionary Party members and other
political opponents.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Terror>

1942:

Second World War: Erwin Rommel launched the last major Axis
offensive of the Western Desert Campaign, attacking the British Eighth
Army position near El Alamein, Egypt.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Alam_el_Halfa>

1981:

President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad
Bahonar of Iran were assassinated in a bombing committed by the People's
Mujahedin of Iran.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad-Javad_Bahonar>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

skite:
1. (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand) To boast.
2. (Northern Ireland) To skim or slide along a surface.
3. (Scotland, slang) To slip, such as on ice.
4. (Scotland, slang) To drink a large amount of alcohol.
5. (archaic, vulgar) To defecate, to shit.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skite>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Investors should remember that excitement and expenses are their
enemies. And if they insist on trying to time their participation in
equities, they should try to be fearful when others are greedy and
greedy only when others are fearful.  
--Warren Buffett
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Warren_Buffett>

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[Daily article] August 29: 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident Published On

In a nuclear weapons incident on 29–30 August 2007, United States Air
Force warheads were not protected by mandatory security precautions. Six
AGM-129 ACM cruise missiles, each loaded with a W80-1 variable yield
nuclear warhead, were mistakenly loaded onto an Air Force B-52H heavy
bomber at Minot Air Force Base and transported to Barksdale Air Force
Base. The nuclear warheads in the missiles were supposed to have been
removed before taking the missiles from their storage bunker. The
missiles with the nuclear warheads were not reported missing and
remained mounted to the aircraft at both Minot and Barksdale for 36
hours. After an investigation, four Air Force commanders were relieved
of their commands, and nuclear weapons operations at Minot were
suspended. In 2008, Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne and Chief
of Staff of the Air Force General T. Michael Moseley were forced to
resign, in part over this incident. In response to recommendations by a
review committee, a new Air Force Global Strike Command assumed control
of all Air Force nuclear bombers, missiles, and personnel.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_States_Air_Force_nuclear_weapons_incident>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1831:

Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, leading
to the formation of his law of induction.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction>

1885:

Gottlieb Daimler patented the world's first internal combustion
motorcycle, the Reitwagen.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Reitwagen>

1916:

The United States Congress passed the Philippine Autonomy Act,
the first formal and official declaration of the US commitment to grant
independence to the Philippines.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_Law_(Philippines)>

1991:

Italian businessman Libero Grassi was killed by the Sicilian
Mafia after taking a public stand against their extortion demands.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libero_Grassi>

1996:

Vnukovo Airlines Flight 2801 crashed on approach to Svalbard
Airport, Norway, killing all 141 aboard.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnukovo_Airlines_Flight_2801>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

mandylion:
(chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) often Mandylion: the Image of Edessa, a
holy relic consisting of a piece of cloth upon which an image of the
face of Jesus Christ had been miraculously imprinted without human
intervention (that is, an acheiropoieton); an artistic depiction of this
relic.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandylion>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Beat me, hate me You can never break me Will me, thrill me You can
never kill me.  
--Michael Jackson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson>

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[Daily article] August 28: Óengus I Published On

Óengus I was, from 732 until his death in 761, a Pictish king and one
of the most powerful rulers in Scotland. Pictland, representing one of
four political groups in north Britain in the early 8th century, ran
from the River Forth northwards, including Orkney, Shetland and the
Western Isles. Óengus became its chief king following a period of civil
war in the late 720s. During his reign the neighbouring kingdom of Dál
Riata was subjugated, and the kingdom of Strathclyde was attacked, with
less success. He was also involved in wars in Ireland and England. Some
sources say that Óengus was a joint ruler with Æthelbald of Mercia;
others dispute this, but still accept him as the dominant force in
northern Britain of his time. After his death, probably in his
seventies, kings from his family continued to dominate Pictland. In 839
a disastrous defeat at the hands of Vikings began a new period of
instability, which ended with the coming to power of Kenneth MacAlpin,
Kenneth I of Scotland.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93engus_I>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1850:

German composer Richard Wagner's romantic opera Lohengrin (2015
production pictured), containing the Bridal Chorus, was first performed
under the direction of Franz Liszt in Weimar, present-day Germany.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)>

1859:

A massive solar storm began, causing a coronal mass ejection to
strike the Earth's magnetosphere that generated aurorae that were
visible in the middle latitudes.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm_of_1859>

1901:

Silliman University in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Philippines,
became the first American private school to be founded in the country.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silliman_University>

1937:

Toyota Motors, now the world's largest automobile manufacturer,
was spun off from Toyota Industries as an independent company.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota>

1963:

Two young women were murdered in New York City; the
mistreatment of the suspect by the police and his forced confession led
New York to abolish its death penalty.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_Girls_Murders>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

rideau:
A fortification or barrier such as a small earthen mound or ridge, a
file of troops, etc.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rideau>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from
the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle
on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again
we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul
force.  
--Martin Luther King, Jr.
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.>

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[Daily article] August 27: Metroid Prime 3: Corruption Published On

Metroid Prime 3: Corruption is a first-person action-adventure game
developed by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Wii video
game console. It is the ninth game in the Metroid series, and the final
entry in the Metroid Prime trilogy—excluding two spin-off titles. It
was released in North America and Europe in 2007, and in Japan the
following year. The Wii Remote and Nunchuk devices are featured in a new
control scheme that took a year to develop, delaying the game's release.
The story of Corruption is set six months after the events of Metroid
Prime 2: Echoes, and follows bounty hunter Samus Aran as she assists the
Galactic Federation in its fight against the Space Pirates. While
fending off a Space Pirate assault, Samus and her fellow bounty hunters
are attacked by her doppelgänger, Dark Samus, who incapacitates them
with a mutagenic material called Phazon. After losing contact with the
other hunters, the Federation sends Samus on a mission to determine what
happened to them. During the course of the game, Samus works to prevent
the Phazon from spreading from planet to planet while being slowly
corrupted by the Phazon herself.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metroid_Prime_3:_Corruption>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1859:

Edwin Drake successfully drilled for oil in Titusville,
Pennsylvania, resulting in the Pennsylvania oil rush, the first oil boom
in the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_oil_rush>

1896:

The United Kingdom and Zanzibar went to war, with Zanzibar
surrendering less than an hour after the conflict broke out.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zanzibar_War>

1979:

In two separate attacks, IRA bombs killed 18 British soldiers
near Warrenpoint, and British admiral Louis Mountbatten and three others
in County Sligo.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma>

1991:

Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Moldova declared its
independence during the aftermath of the failure of the Soviet coup
d'état attempt.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova>

2009:

The Burmese military junta and ethnic armies began three days
of violent clashes in the Kokang Special Region.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Kokang_incident>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

on it like a car bonnet:
(humorous) Synonym of on it (actively working to solve a problem, etc.)
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on_it_like_a_car_bonnet>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Among the forces which sweep and play throughout the universe,
untutored man is but a wisp in the wind. Our civilization is still in a
middle stage, scarcely beast, in that it is no longer wholly guided by
instinct; scarcely human, in that it is not yet wholly guided by reason.
 
--Theodore Dreiser
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser>

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[Daily article] August 26: Prometheus (2012 film) Published On

Prometheus is a 2012 American science fiction film directed by Ridley
Scott (pictured), written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof, and
starring Noomi Rapace, Michael Fassbender, Guy Pearce, Idris Elba, Logan
Marshall-Green, and Charlize Theron. In the late 21st century, the crew
of Prometheus follows a star map seeking the origins of humanity; they
arrive on a distant world and discover a threat that could cause the
extinction of the human race. The film was initially conceived as a
prequel to the Alien franchise. In late 2010 Lindelof and Scott rewrote
a Spaihts script relying on the Alien universe, but exploring its own
mythology and ideas. Principal photography began in March 2011, with an
estimated $120–130 million budget. The film was released in 2012 in
Britain and North America, and grossed over $403 million worldwide.
Reviews praised the film's visual aesthetic design and the acting,
especially Fassbender's performance as the android David. The plot drew
a mixed response from critics, who faulted elements that remained
unresolved or were predictable. A sequel, Alien: Covenant, is scheduled
to be released in August 2017.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_(2012_film)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1748:

The first Lutheran denomination in North America, the
Pennsylvania Ministerium, was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Ministerium>

1810:

Juan José Castelli ordered the execution of Santiago de
Liniers, during the Argentine War of Independence.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Liniers,_1st_Count_of_Buenos_Aires>

1966:

The South African Defence Force launched an attack against
SWAPO guerrilla fighters at Omugulugwombashe, starting the Namibian War
of Independence.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAPO>

1978:

Aboard the Soviet Soyuz 31 spacecraft, Sigmund Jähn became the
first German in space.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_J%C3%A4hn>

2008:

More than a week after a ceasefire was reached in the Russo-
Georgian War, Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of
Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

yeasayer:
1. One whose attitude is positive, optimistic, confidently affirmative.
2. (pejorative) One who habitually agrees uncritically.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yeasayer>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Once again the crust of civilization has worn thin, and beneath
can be heard the muttering of primeval fires. Once again many accepted
principles of government have been overthrown, and the world has become
a laboratory where immature and feverish minds experiment with unknown
forces. Once again problems cannot be comfortably limited, for science
has brought the nations into an uneasy bondage to each other.  
--John Buchan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Buchan>

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[Daily article] August 25: Todd Manning Published On

Todd Manning is a fictional character from the American daytime drama
One Life to Live. Created by writer Michael Malone, the role was
originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth, recast with Trevor St. John
in 2003, and given back to Howarth in 2011. Todd became part of a
groundbreaking storyline in which Marty Saybrooke was gang raped. Todd's
popularity with the audience and critics, even after the rape, persuaded
the writers to retain the character. While keeping aspects of his
personality dark and violent, they had Todd exhibit a conscience and
compassion. They took steps to redeem him, borrowing from nineteenth-
century melodrama, Gothic traditions, and literature such as
Frankenstein, despite Howarth's objections to a redemption storyline for
a rapist. Todd has been the subject of many scholarly feminist studies.
He has remained a popular and controversial figure since his creation,
and is considered one of soap opera's breakout characters. The main
players in the rape storyline—Howarth, Susan Haskell (Marty), and
Hillary B. Smith (Todd's lawyer Nora Hanen)—won Emmys in 1994, as did
Malone and his writing team.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Manning>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1258:

George Mouzalon, regent of the Empire of Nicaea, was
assassinated as part of a conspiracy led by the nobles under future
emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mouzalon>

1537:

The Honourable Artillery Company, currently the oldest
surviving regiment in the British Army, was formed by Royal Charter from
King Henry VIII.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company>

1920:

Polish forces under Józef Piłsudski successfully forced the
Russians to withdraw from Warsaw at the Battle of Warsaw, the decisive
battle of the Polish–Soviet War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)>

1942:

Second World War: Japanese forces attacked the Australian base
at Milne Bay on the eastern tip of New Guinea.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Milne_Bay>

2001:

American singer Aaliyah and various members of her record
company were killed when their overloaded aircraft crashed shortly after
takeoff from Marsh Harbour Airport in Marsh Harbour, The Bahamas.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaliyah>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

unchecked:
1. Unrestrained, not held back.
2. Not examined for accuracy, efficiency, etc.
3. (chiefly computing) Of a check box: not checked (ticked or enabled).
4. (crossword puzzles) Of a square: part of only one entry (that is, across
or down, but not both).
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unchecked>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  In my experience of fights and fighting, it is invariably the
aggressor who keeps getting everything wrong.  
--Martin Amis
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Martin_Amis>

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[Daily article] August 24: Voalavo Published On

Voalavo is a genus of rodent in the subfamily Nesomyinae, found only in
Madagascar. Two species are known, both of which live in mountain forest
above 1250 m (4100 ft) altitude; V. gymnocaudus lives in northern
Madagascar and V. antsahabensis is restricted to a small area in the
central part of the island. The genus was discovered in 1994 and
formally described in 1998. Within Nesomyinae, it is most closely
related to the genus Eliurus, and DNA sequence data suggest that the
current definitions of these two genera need to be changed. Species of
Voalavo are small, gray, mouse-like rodents, among the smallest
nesomyines. They lack the distinctive tuft of long hairs on the tail
that is characteristic of Eliurus. The tail is long and females have six
mammae. In Voalavo, there are two glands on the chest (absent in
Eliurus) that produce a sweet-smelling musk in breeding males. In the
skull, the facial skeleton is long and the braincase is smooth. The
molars are somewhat high-crowned, though less so than in Eliurus, and
the third molars are reduced in size and complexity.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voalavo>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

79:

According to estimates based on the Codex Laurentianus Mediceus,
Mount Vesuvius erupted, burying the Italian towns of Pompeii,
Herculaneum, and Stabiae in rock and ash.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79>

1814:

War of 1812: British forces invaded Washington, D.C., setting
fire to various US government buildings, including what is now the White
House (damage pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Washington>

1914:

World War I: The Battle of Cer ended as the first Allied
victory in the war.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cer>

1941:

Adolf Hitler ordered the official termination of the T4
euthanasia program of the mentally ill and disabled, although killings
continued in secret for the remainder of the war.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_T4>

2006:

The International Astronomical Union redefined the term
"planet", reclassifying Pluto as a dwarf planet since it has not
"cleared the neighbourhood" around its orbit.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

hilum:
1. (botany) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point
of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.
2. (botany) The nucleus of a starch grain.
3. (anatomy) A depression or fissure through which ducts, nerves, or blood
vessels enter and leave a gland or organ; a porta.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hilum>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  To be hopeful in bad times is not just foolishly romantic. It is
based on the fact that human history is a history not only of cruelty,
but also of compassion, sacrifice, courage, kindness. What we choose to
emphasize in this complex history will determine our lives. If we see
only the worst, it destroys our capacity to do something. If we remember
those times and places — and there are so many — where people have
behaved magnificently, this gives us the energy to act, and at least
the possibility of sending this spinning top of a world in a different
direction. And if we do act, in however small a way, we don't have to
wait for some grand utopian future. The future is an infinite
succession of presents, and to live now as we think human beings should
live, in defiance of all that is bad around us, is itself a marvelous
victory.  
--Howard Zinn
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Howard_Zinn>

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[Daily article] August 23: Handel's lost Hamburg operas Published On

Of the four operas written by the youthful composer George Frideric
Handel (pictured) between 1703 and 1706 when he lived and worked in
Hamburg, only the first, Almira, has survived complete. The music for
the others is lost apart from a few orchestral fragments. Handel learned
the rudiments of opera composition while employed as a violinist at the
Oper am Gänsemarkt, Hamburg's famous opera house, and was able to get
Almira and a second opera, Nero, performed there during the temporary
absence of the theatre's director, Reinhard Keiser. Almira was
successful, Nero less so. Handel's last two Hamburg operas, Florindo and
Daphne, were not produced at the Gänsemarkt before Handel left Hamburg.
No music that can be definitively traced to Nero has been identified,
although scholars have speculated that some of it may have been used in
later works, particularly Agrippina, which has a similar plot and
characters. Fragments of music from Florindo and Daphne have been
preserved, although without the vocal parts, and some of these elements
have been incorporated into an orchestral suite first recorded in 2012.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel%27s_lost_Hamburg_operas>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1514:

Ottoman forces defeated the Safavids at the Battle of
Chaldiran, gaining control of eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chaldiran>

1896:

Andrés Bonifacio and his Katipunan comrades in modern-day
Quezon City rose up in revolt against Spanish rule, marking the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry_of_Pugad_Lawin>

1929:

Palestine riots: Arabs began attacking Jews in Hebron in the
British Mandate of Palestine, killing over sixty people in two days.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre>

1970:

The United Farm Workers, led by Cesar Chavez, began the Salad
Bowl strike, the largest farmworker strike in U.S. history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_Bowl_strike>

2006:

Natascha Kampusch, who had been abducted at the age of 10 in
Vienna, escaped from her captor Wolfgang Přiklopil after eight years in
captivity.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natascha_Kampusch>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

gasbag:
1. A bag or bladder to hold a reservoir of gas, as in a hot-air balloon.
2. (figuratively) A person who is overly garrulous or prone to making
empty, unsupportable statements; a windbag.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gasbag>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The strife of Love's the abysmal strife, And the word of Love is
the Word of Life. And they that go with the Word unsaid, Though they
seem of the living, are damned and dead.  
--William Ernest Henley
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Ernest_Henley>

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[Daily article] August 22: James Newland Published On

James Newland (22 August 1881 – 19 March 1949) was an Australian
officer in the First World War. He received the Victoria Cross for
successfully leading a company in several assaults on German positions
and repulsing counterattacks in April 1917. Newland joined the
Australian military in 1899 and saw active service during the Second
Boer War. After completing several years' service in the artillery, he
transferred to the militia in 1907. He became a police officer in
Tasmania before re-joining the permanent forces in 1910. He was in the
first wave of Australian Imperial Force soldiers to land at Gallipoli.
In the days following the landing, he was wounded and evacuated to
Egypt, where he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. Transferring to
the Western Front in 1916, Newland was mentioned in despatches for his
leadership while commanding a company during an attack at Mouquet Farm.
He was wounded twice more during the war; medically discharged in March
1918, he returned to service with the permanent army. He retired as a
lieutenant colonel in 1941.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Newland>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1711:

Queen Anne's War: A British attempt to attack Quebec failed
when eight ships wrecked on the Saint Lawrence River.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Expedition>

1777:

American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold used a ruse to
convince the British that a much larger force was arriving, causing them
to abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix (reconstructed fort pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Stanwix>

1864:

The Red Cross movement led by Henry Dunant officially began
when twelve European nations signed the First Geneva Convention,
establishing the International Committee of the Red Cross.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention>

1944:

World War II: Wehrmacht infantry carried out an assault
operation against the civilian residents of nine villages located in the
Amari Valley on the Greek island of Crete.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_of_Kedros>

1961:

Ida Siekmann jumped from a window in her tenement building
trying to flee to West Berlin, becoming the first person to die at the
Berlin Wall.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Siekmann>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

louche:
1. Of questionable taste or morality; decadent.
2. Not reputable or decent.
3. Unconventional and slightly disreputable in an attractive manner;
raffish, rakish.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/louche>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We are the miracle of force and matter making itself over into
imagination and will. Incredible. The Life Force experimenting with
forms. You for one. Me for another. The Universe has shouted itself
alive. We are one of the shouts.  
--Ray Bradbury
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ray_Bradbury>

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[Daily article] August 21: United States v. Kagama Published On

United States v. Kagama was a United States Supreme Court case that
upheld the constitutionality of the Major Crimes Act of 1885, which gave
jurisdiction to the federal courts in certain cases involving Native
Americans. Kagama, a Yurok, was accused of murdering another Yurok on an
Indian reservation. His case was selected by the Department of Justice
as a test case for the Act. The court opinion, authored by Justice
Samuel Freeman Miller (pictured), confirmed the authority of Congress
over Indian affairs. Plenary power over Indian tribes, supposedly
granted to the U.S. Congress by the Commerce Clause of the Constitution,
was not deemed necessary to reach the decision; instead, the Court found
the power in the tribe's status as a dependent domestic nation. In the
year following the decision, Congress passed the Dawes Act, intended to
force assimilation and weaken tribal sovereignty. The case has been
criticized by legal scholars as drawing on powers that are not granted
to Congress by the Constitution.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Kagama>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1680:

Several tribes of Pueblo Indians captured the town of Santa Fe
in Nuevo México.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt>

1831:

Nat Turner led a slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia,
US; it was suppressed about 48 hours later.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion>

1944:

Second World War: A combined Canadian–Polish force captured
the strategically important town of Falaise, France, in the final
offensive of the Battle of Normandy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tractable>

1969:

An Australian tourist set the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem on
fire, a major catalyst of the formation of the Organisation of Islamic
Cooperation.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque>

1986:

A limnic eruption of a cloud of carbon dioxide from Lake Nyos
in Cameroon killed up to 1,700 people and 3,500 livestock in nearby
villages.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nyos>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

victory lap:
1. (sports) An extra lap of the race track taken after the conclusion of a
race.
2. (US, education, slang) One or more years of study beyond the traditional
four taken to complete one's undergraduate degree.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/victory_lap>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I like digging into these characters that are a lot more complex,
and there's a lot that isn't apparent on the surface … In a weird way,
you can access all that fear and pain. … Nothing makes me happier than
when somebody figures out I was in something, and then they'd seen me in
something else, and had no idea it was the same person… Then I feel
like I've done my job.  
--Alicia Witt
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alicia_Witt>

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[Daily article] August 20: Old Pine Church Published On

Old Pine Church is a mid-19th-century church near Purgitsville, West
Virginia. It is among the earliest remaining log churches in Hampshire
County, along with Capon Chapel and Mount Bethel Church. Constructed in
1838 to serve as a nondenominational church, it may also have been built
as a meeting place for Schwarzenau Brethren adherents, known as
"Dunkers" or "Dunkards". The church probably hosted German Methodist
settlers as well. By 1870, most services were for the Brethren
denomination, and in 1878, the church's congregation split into White
Pine Church of the Brethren and Old Pine Church congregations. Both
continued to use the church until 1907. Old Pine Church reportedly
housed a school in the early 20th century while still serving as a
center for worship. In 1968, residents of the Purgitsville community
raised funds to restore the church. It was added to the National
Register of Historic Places in 2012 for its "significant settlement-era
rural religious architecture in the Potomac Highlands."
(Full article...).

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Pine_Church>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

14:

The adopted son of Roman emperor Augustus Agrippa Postumus, was
executed by his guards while in exile under mysterious circumstances.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippa_Postumus>

1710:

War of the Spanish Succession: The Spanish-Bourbon army
commanded by the Marquis de Bay was soundly defeated by a multinational
army led by the Austrian commander Guido Starhemberg.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saragossa>

1882:

The 1812 Overture by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
was first performed at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_Overture>

1962:

NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship,
made her maiden voyage.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS_Savannah>

1998:

The Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Sudan was destroyed by a
missile attack launched by the United States in retaliation for the
August 7 US embassy bombings.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

pollinivore:
(zoology) An animal that feeds on pollen; a palynivore.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pollinivore>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The centermost processes of the brain with which consciousness is
presumably associated are simply not understood. They are so far beyond
our comprehension that no one I know of has been able to imagine their
nature.  
--Roger Wolcott Sperry
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry>

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[Daily article] August 19: Borscht Published On

Borscht is a tart soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines,
including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian and
Romanian, as well as Ashkenazi Jewish. It derives from an ancient soup
cooked from pickled common hogweed. The variety most commonly associated
with the name in English is a beetroot soup of Ukrainian origin; other
varieties include sorrel, rye, and cabbage borscht. Borscht is typically
made by combining meat or bone stock with sautéed vegetables, including
cabbage, carrots, onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It may include meat,
fish or neither, may be served hot or cold, and may range from a hearty
one-pot meal to a dainty clear broth or a smooth refreshing drink.
Common garnishes and side-dishes include sour cream, hard-boiled eggs,
potatoes, uszka dumplings and pampushky buns. Several ethnic groups
claim borscht, in its variegated local guises, as their own national
dish and consume it as part of ritual meals within Eastern Orthodox,
Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, and Jewish religious traditions.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borscht>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1745:

Bonnie Prince Charlie raised the Jacobite standard at
Glenfinnan in the Scottish Highlands to begin the Second Jacobite
Rising.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745>

1934:

Per the results of a German referendum, the posts of Chancellor
and President were merged, indicating public approval for Adolf Hitler's
assumption of supreme power.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_referendum,_1934>

1953:

The intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom and the United
States orchestrated a coup d'état of Prime Minister of Iran Mohammad
Mosaddegh and restored the absolute monarchy of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat>

1991:

A Hasidic man accidentally struck two Guyanese immigrant
children with his car in the Crown Heights neighborhood of New York
City, initiating three days of rioting.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Heights_riot>

2002:

The single deadliest helicopter crash took place when a team of
Chechen separatists brought down a Russian Mil Mi-26 with a man-portable
air-defense system, resulting in 127 deaths.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Khankala_Mi-26_crash>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

ylem:
(astronomy, cosmology, physics, now chiefly historical) In the Big Bang
theory, the hot and dense plasma which made up the cosmos at the time of
recombination in an early stage of its expansion and cooling, when the
first atoms formed and photons decoupled. The ylem is regarded as the
source of the cosmic microwave background.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ylem>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The most exciting happiness is the happiness generated by forces
beyond your control.  
--Ogden Nash
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ogden_Nash>

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[Daily article] August 18: Tjioeng Wanara Published On

Tjioeng Wanara is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies (modern-day
Indonesia) directed and produced by Jo Eng Sek as the second production
by Star Film. Starring R Sukran, Elly Joenara, and AB Djoenaedi, the
film depicts the political manipulations in the Sundanese kingdom of
Galuh, where a young prince named Tjioeng Wanara must reclaim his
throne. The film, which was adapted by Rd Ariffien from the Sundanese
legend of the same name, was the first colossal production in the
Indies, featuring more than 500 people in supporting roles and as
extras. Tjioeng Wanara was released on 18 August 1941. Advertisements
emphasised that the scholar Poerbatjaraka had served as the historical
adviser and that the film was based on the version of the legend
published by Balai Pustaka, the official publisher of the Dutch colonial
government. The film premiered to commercial success, but received mixed
reviews. Following the film's release, Star released four further films.
This black-and-white production, which was screened until at least 1948,
may now be lost.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjioeng_Wanara>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1487:

Reconquista: After a four-month siege, the Catholic Monarchs
conquered the city of Málaga from the Muslims.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_M%C3%A1laga_(1487)>

1783:

An unusually bright meteor procession blazed across the night
sky over Great Britain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783_Great_Meteor>

1891:

A hurricane struck Martinique, killing about 700 people,
injuring at least 1,000 others, and obliterating houses, trees, and
crops across the entire island.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891_Martinique_hurricane>

1966:

Vietnam War: Members from D Company of the 6th Battalion of the
Royal Australian Regiment were surrounded and attacked on all sides by a
much larger Viet Cong unit at the Battle of Long Tan (RAAF helicopter
pictured), but held them off for several hours until reinforcements
arrived.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Tan>

1976:

North Korean soldiers killed two American soldiers in the Joint
Security Area of the Korean Demilitarized Zone, heightening tensions
over a 100-foot (30 m) poplar tree that blocked the line of sight
between a United Nations Command checkpoint and an observation post.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe_murder_incident>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

hoover:
1. (transitive, Britain) To clean (a room, etc.) with a vacuum cleaner,
irrespective of brand.
2. (intransitive, Britain) To use a vacuum cleaner, irrespective of brand.
3. (transitive) To suck in or inhale, as if by a vacuum cleaner.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hoover>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  When the first flint, the first shell, was shaped into a weapon,
that action shaped man. As he molded and complicated his tools, so they
molded and complicated him. He became the first scientific animal. And
at last, via information theory and great computers, he gained knowledge
of all his parts. He formed the Laws of Integration, which reveal all
beings as part of a pattern and show them their part in the pattern.
There is only the pattern; the pattern is all the universe, creator and
created.  
--Brian Aldiss
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Brian_Aldiss>

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[Daily article] August 17: HMS Formidable (67) Published On

HMS Formidable was an Illustrious-class aircraft carrier ordered for the
Royal Navy before World War II. Transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet
as a replacement for the crippled sister ship Illustrious, Formidable's
aircraft played a key role in the Battle of Cape Matapan in early 1941,
then provided cover for Allied ships and attacked Axis forces until the
carrier was badly damaged by German dive bombers in May. Assigned to the
Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean in early 1942, the carrier covered the
invasion of Diego Suarez in Vichy Madagascar in mid-1942 against the
possibility of a sortie by the Japanese into the Indian Ocean. The ship
participated in Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa, in
November, and covered the invasions of Sicily and mainland Italy in
1943. Formidable made several attacks on the German battleship Tirpitz
in Norway with the Home Fleet in mid-1944, and in 1945 attacked targets
in the Japanese Home Islands. After repatriating liberated Allied
prisoners of war and soldiers and ferrying British personnel across the
globe, the ship was placed in reserve, and finally sold for scrap in
1953.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Formidable_(67)>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

986:

Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars: The Bulgarians defeated the
Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan near present-day Ihtiman, with
Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gates_of_Trajan>

1560:

The Scottish Parliament adopted a Protestant confession of
faith to initiate the Scottish Reformation and disestablishing
Catholicism as the national religion.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Reformation>

1943:

Second World War: The Royal Air Force began a strategic bombing
campaign against Nazi Germany's V-weapon programme by attacking the
Peenemünde Army Research Center.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hydra_(1943)>

1980:

Two-month-old Australian Azaria Chamberlain was taken from her
family's campsite at Uluru by a dingo, for which her mother was later
convicted of murder.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Azaria_Chamberlain>

2008:

With the victory in the 4×100 m medley relay at the Beijing
Summer Olympics, Michael Phelps set the records for the most gold medals
won by an individual in a single Olympics (8) as well as total career
gold medals (14) in modern Olympic history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

stevedore:
A dockworker involved in loading and unloading cargo.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stevedore>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  We now give more serious weight to the words of a country's poets
than to the words of its politicians — though we know the latter may
interfere more drastically with our lives. Religions, ideologies,
mercantile competition divide us. The essential solidarity of the very
diverse poets of the world, besides being mysterious fact is one we can
be thankful for, since its terms are exclusively those of love,
understanding and patience. It is one of the few spontaneous guarantees
of possible unity that mankind can show, and the revival of an appetite
for poetry is like a revival of an appetite for all man's saner
possibilities, and a revulsion from the materialist cataclysms of recent
years and the worse ones which the difference of nations threatens for
the years ahead.  
--Ted Hughes
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ted_Hughes>

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[Daily article] August 16: Banksia scabrella Published On

Banksia scabrella, commonly known as the Burma Road banksia, is a
species of woody shrub in the genus Banksia. It is classified in the
series Abietinae, a group of several species of shrubs with small round
or oval flower spikes. It occurs in several isolated populations south
of Geraldton, Western Australia; the largest is south and east of Mount
Adams. Found on sandy soils in heathland or shrubland, it grows to 2 m
(7 ft) high and 3 m (10 ft) across with fine needle-like leaves.
Appearing in spring and summer, the flower spikes are tan to cream with
purple styles. B. scabrella is killed by fire and regenerates by seed.
Originally collected in 1966, it was one of several species previously
considered to be forms of Banksia sphaerocarpa, before it was finally
described by banksia expert Alex George in his 1981 revision of the
genus. Like many members of the Abietinae, it is rarely seen in
cultivation, but has been described as having horticultural potential.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_scabrella>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1513:

War of the League of Cambrai: King Henry VIII of England and
his Imperial allies defeated French cavalry, who were then forced to
retreat.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Spurs>

1819:

Fifteen people were killed and 400–700 others were injured
when cavalry charged into a crowd gathered at St Peter's Field,
Manchester, England, to demand the reform of parliamentary
representation.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterloo_Massacre>

1891:

The San Sebastian Church in Manila, the only all-steel church
in Asia, was officially consecrated.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Sebastian_Church_(Manila)>

1946:

A day of widespread riot and manslaughter between Hindus and
Muslims took place in the city of Calcutta as a result of the Muslim
League's call for an independent Pakistan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Action_Day>

1977:

Elvis Presley, "The King of Rock and Roll", was officially
pronounced dead at Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee,
after he was found unresponsive on the floor of his Graceland bathroom.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

funemployed:
(neologism) In a state of enjoyable unemployment.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/funemployed>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  It is a sad thing when men have neither enough intelligence to
speak well, nor enough sense to hold their tongues; this is the root of
all impertinence.  
--Jean de La Bruyère
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jean_de_La_Bruy%C3%A8re>

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[Daily article] August 15: 24th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Karstjäger Published On

The 24th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Karstjäger was a German
mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS during World War II. Formed
in July 1944 from the SS Volunteer Karstwehr Battalion, it was a
division in name only, and was soon reduced to a brigade. Built around a
company in existence since 1942, the unit consisted mainly of Yugoslav
Volksdeutsche and recruits from South Tyrol. It was primarily involved
in fighting partisans in the Karst Plateau on the frontiers of
Yugoslavia, Italy, and Austria; the mountainous terrain required
specialized mountain troops and equipment. It also saw action in the
wake of the Italian surrender when it moved to disarm Italian troops and
protect ethnic German communities in Italy. At the end of the war it
successfully fought to keep passes into Austria open, allowing German
units to escape the Balkans and surrender to British forces. The
remnants of the unit became some of the last Germans to lay down their
arms when they surrendered on 9 May 1945.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Karstj%C3%A4ger>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

778:

A Frankish army led by Roland was defeated by the Basques at
Roncevaux Pass in the Pyrenees on the border between France and Spain.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass>

1261:

Michael VIII Palaiologos was crowned Byzantine emperor in
Constantinople.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos>

1812:

War of 1812: Potawatomi warriors destroyed the United States
Army's Fort Dearborn in what is now Chicago, Illinois, and captured the
survivors.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn>

1941:

Corporal Josef Jakobs was executed by firing squad at the Tower
of London for espionage, making him the last person to be executed at
the Tower.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Jakobs>

2005:

The Helsinki Agreement between the Free Aceh Movement and the
Government of Indonesia was signed, ending 28 years of fighting.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

sais:
1. (India) A groom, or servant with responsibility for the horses.
2. (Malaya, dated) usually syce: chauffeur, driver.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sais>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  All religions have some truth in them, but none has the whole
truth; all are created in time and finally decline and perish. Mahomed
himself never pretended that the Koran was the last message of God and
there would be no other. God and Truth outlast these religions and
manifest themselves anew in whatever way or form the Divine Wisdom
chooses. You cannot shut up God in the limitations of your own narrow
brain or dictate to the Divine Power and Consciousness how or where or
through whom it shall manifest; you cannot put up your puny barriers
against the divine Omnipotence. These again are simple truths which are
now being recognised all over the world; only the childish in mind or
those who vegetate in some formula of the past deny them.  
--Sri Aurobindo
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo>

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[Daily article] August 14: The Seduction of Ingmar Bergman Published On

The Seduction of Ingmar Bergman is the 22nd album by the American rock
group Sparks, released on August 14, 2009. The duo's first work in the
radio musical or pop opera genre, the album is built around an imaginary
visit to Hollywood by Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman in the mid-
1950s. Its storyline focuses on the divides between European and
American culture, between art and commerce. Unlike other Sparks albums,
the work is conceived as a single piece, to be listened to as a whole,
rather than a collection of stand-alone songs. The work was commissioned
by Sveriges Radio Radioteatern, the radio drama department of Sweden's
national radio broadcaster. First released in the Swedish broadcast
version in August 2009, with an English-language version following in
November 2009, it features a cast of Swedish and American actors and a
variety of musical styles ranging from opera to vaudeville and pop. The
album's recording was a collaborative effort, with music and English
vocals recorded by Sparks in the United States, and Swedish vocals
recorded by Sveriges Radio in Stockholm.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seduction_of_Ingmar_Bergman>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1816:

The United Kingdom formally annexed the Tristan da Cunha
archipelago, ruling it from the Cape Colony in South Africa.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha>

1901:

Gustave Whitehead allegedly made a successful powered flight of
his Number 21 aircraft in Fairfield, Connecticut, US; if true, this
predates the Wright brothers by two years.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Whitehead>

1941:

After a secret meeting off the Canadian coast, British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt (both
pictured) issued the Atlantic Charter, establishing a vision for a post-
World War II world despite the fact that the United States had yet to
enter the war.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Charter>

1973:

The current Constitution of Pakistan came into effect.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan>

1996:

Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou was shot to death by
Turkish forces while trying to remove a Turkish flag from a flagpole in
the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomos_Solomou>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

jiffy:
1. (colloquial) A very short, unspecified length of time.
2. (computing) A unit of time defined by the frequency of its basic
timer&#160;– historically, and by convention, 0.01 of a second, but
some computer operating systems use other values.
3. (electronics) The length of an alternating current power cycle (1/60 or
1/50 of a second).
4. (physics) The time taken for light to travel a specified distance in a
vacuum, usually one centimetre, but sometimes one foot or the width of a
nucleon.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jiffy>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  O, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practise to deceive!
 
--Walter Scott
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walter_Scott>

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[Daily article] August 13: Meteorological history of Hurricane Dean Published On

Hurricane Dean evolved into one of two storms in the 2007 Atlantic
hurricane season to make landfall as a Category 5 hurricane. Dean was
the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, tied with
Camille and Mitch, and the third most intense Atlantic hurricane ever at
landfall. Its winds, rains and storm surge were responsible for at least
45 deaths across ten countries and caused around US$1.66 billion in
damage. The storm was designated Tropical Depression Four on August 13,
born more than 1,500 mi (2,400 km) east of the Lesser Antilles in a
vigorous tropical wave heading west from Africa. A deep layered ridge
steered the system towards the Caribbean and warmer waters. It was
upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean the next day, and to a hurricane two
days later. In the Caribbean Sea, the storm rapidly intensified to a
Category 5 hurricane, then brushed the southern coast of Jamaica on
August 19. It crossed the Yucatán Peninsula and emerged, weakened,
into the Bay of Campeche, then briefly restrengthened in the warm waters
of the bay before making a second landfall in Veracruz.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Dean>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1521:

After an extended siege, forces led by Spanish conquistador
Hernán Cortés captured Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc and conquered the Aztec
capital of Tenochtitlan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan>

1624:

Cardinal Richelieu became the chief minister to King Louis
XIII, and under his supervision, France's feudal political structure
transformed into one with a powerful central government.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu>

1906:

The all-black infantrymen of the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry
Regiment were accused of killing a white bartender and wounding a white
police officer in Brownsville, Texas, despite exculpatory evidence; all
were later dishonorably discharged.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsville_Affair>

1937:

The Battle of Shanghai broke out, eventually becoming one of
the largest and bloodiest battles of the entire Second Sino-Japanese
War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai>

1996:

Marc Dutroux was arrested for the kidnapping of 14-year-old
Laetitia Delhez, revealing a number of other victims and one of
Belgium's biggest child molestation cases.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Dutroux>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

natatorium:
(US) A swimming pool, especially an indoor one; a building housing one
or more swimming pools.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/natatorium>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Good deeds remain good, no matter whether we know how the world
was made or not. Vile deeds are vile, no matter whether we know or do
not know what, after death, will be the fate of the doer. We know, at
least, what his fate is now, namely, to be wedded to the vileness. The
question for anyone to decide, who hesitates between good and evil, is
whether he aspires to be a full-weight man, or merely the fragment, nay,
the counterfeit of a man. Only he who ceaselessly aims at moral
completeness is, in the true sense, a human being.  
--Felix Adler
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Felix_Adler>

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[Daily article] August 12: Turquoise parrot Published On

The turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella) is native to Eastern
Australia, from southeastern Queensland through New South Wales and into
northeastern Victoria. Described by George Shaw in 1792, it is a small
lightly-built parrot at around 20 cm (8 in) long and 40 g
(1 1⁄2 oz) in weight. The sexes are dimorphic: females are generally
duller and paler than males, with a pale green breast and yellow belly.
Males (apart from some colour-variant subspecies) are predominantly
green, with yellowish underparts, a bright turquoise blue face,
predominantly blue wings, and red shoulders. Found in grasslands and
open woodlands dominated by Eucalyptus and Callitris species, the bird
feeds mainly on grasses and seeds and occasionally flowers, fruit and
scale insects. It nests in hollows of gum trees. Much of its habitat has
been altered, destroying potential nesting sites. Predominantly
sedentary, the species can be locally nomadic. Populations appear to be
recovering from a crash in the early 20th century. The turquoise parrot
has been kept in captivity since the 19th century.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquoise_parrot>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

30 BC:

Cleopatra, the last ruler of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty,
committed suicide, allegedly by means of an asp bite.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra>

1323:

Sweden and the Novgorod Republic signed the Treaty of Nöteborg
to temporarily end the Swedish–Novgorodian Wars.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_N%C3%B6teborg>

1877:

American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered Deimos, the smaller
of the two moons of Mars.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_(moon)>

1953:

The first Soviet thermonuclear bomb, Joe 4, was detonated at
Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_4>

1981:

The IBM Personal Computer, the original version and progenitor
of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform, was introduced.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

bumfluff:
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand, derogatory) The first, sparse beard
growth of an adolescent.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bumfluff>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The task is, not so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to
think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.
 
--Erwin Schrödinger
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger>

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[Daily article] August 11: System Shock 2 Published On

System Shock 2 is a first-person action role-playing survival horror
video game for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux, first released on
August 11, 1999. It was designed by Ken Levine and co-developed by
Irrational Games and Looking Glass Studios. Originally written as a
standalone title, it became a sequel to the 1994 PC game System Shock
after Electronic Arts signed on as the publisher. In a cyberpunk
depiction of 2114, the player assumes the role of a soldier trying to
stem the outbreak of a genetic infection that has devastated a starship.
As in System Shock, gameplay consists of combat and exploration aided by
acquired special abilities such as hacking and psionics. System Shock 2
received positive reviews, but failed to meet commercial sales
expectations. Critics later determined that the game was highly
influential in subsequent game design, particularly on first-person
shooters, and considered it far ahead of its time. It has been included
in several lists of all-time best video games. OtherSide Entertainment
has been licensed the rights to produce a sequel, System Shock 3.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Shock_2>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1492:

The first papal conclave held in the Sistine Chapel elected
Roderic Borja as Pope Alexander VI to succeed Pope Innocent VIII.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_conclave,_1492>

1828:

William Corder was hanged at Bury St Edmunds, England, for the
murder of Maria Marten at the Red Barn.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Barn_Murder>

1942:

Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil received a
patent for their "Secret Communications System", an early technique of
frequency-hopping spread spectrum that later became the basis for many
forms of today's wireless communication systems.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Antheil>

1965:

Violent race riots began in Watts, Los Angeles, California,
lasting for six days and leaving 34 people dead and 1,032 others
injured.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_riots>

2012:

At least 306 people were killed and 3,000 others injured in a
pair of earthquakes near Tabriz, Iran.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_East_Azerbaijan_earthquakes>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

kayfabe:
(professional wrestling) The portrayal of events within the industry as
real; the portrayal of professional wrestling and the accompanying
storylines as not staged or worked.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kayfabe>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  All the martyrs in the history of the world are not sufficient to
establish the correctness of an opinion. Martyrdom, as a rule,
establishes the sincerity of the martyr, — never the correctness of
his thought. Things are true or false in themselves. Truth cannot be
affected by opinions; it cannot be changed, established, or affected by
martyrdom. An error cannot be believed sincerely enough to make it a
truth.  
--Robert G. Ingersoll
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll>

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[Daily article] August 10: Jerry Pentland Published On

Jerry Pentland (1894–1983) was an Australian fighter ace of World
War I. He saw action at Gallipoli as a Lighthorseman with the
Australian Imperial Force in 1915. Transferring to the Royal Flying
Corps in 1916, he was credited with 23 aerial victories to become the
fifth highest-scoring Australian ace of the war. He was awarded the
Military Cross for attacking an enemy airfield, and the Distinguished
Flying Cross for engaging four hostile aircraft single-handedly.
Pentland served in the fledgling Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), and
later the Royal Air Force, before going into business in 1927. His
ventures included commercial flying around New Guinea goldfields. By the
early 1930s, he was a pilot with Australian National Airways. He re-
joined the RAAF during World War II, commanding rescue and
communications units in the South West Pacific. Perhaps the oldest
operational pilot in the RAAF, Pentland was responsible for several
rescues involving soldiers and civilians, and earned the Air Force Cross
for his bravery and skill. He became a trader in New Guinea after the
war, and later a coffee planter. He retired in 1959.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Pentland>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1270:

Yekuno Amlak deposed the last Zagwe king and seized the
imperial throne of Ethiopia, beginning the reign of the Solomonic
dynasty that would last for more than 700 years.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekuno_Amlak>

1628:

The Swedish warship Vasa (salvaged wreck pictured) sank after
sailing less than a nautical mile on her maiden voyage from Stockholm on
her way to fight in the Thirty Years' War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_(ship)>

1792:

French Revolution: Insurrectionists in Paris stormed the
Tuileries Palace, effectively ending the French monarchy until it was
restored in 1814.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_August_(French_Revolution)>

1953:

First Indochina War: The French Union withdrew its forces from
Operation Camargue against the Viet Minh in central modern-day Vietnam.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Camargue>

1981:

The severed head of kidnapped six-year-old Adam Walsh was found
in a canal in Vero Beach, Florida, prompting his father John to become
an advocate for victims' rights, helping to spur the formation of the
National Center for Missing & Exploited Children.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Adam_Walsh>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

keep shtum:
(intransitive, colloquial, idiomatic) Not tell anyone; especially, keep
silent about something that may be sensitive or secret.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/keep_shtum>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  The forces going on in the society are not things the media can
prevent or change. But we can and should help understand this crisis and
warn against false solutions. If feelings are trumping arguments — the
pun is fully intended — it doesn't mean that arguments don't still
have to be made. It may not win the news cycle. It may not even win this
election cycle. But it's a critical task.  
--Andrew Sullivan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan>

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[Daily article] August 9: Albert Ketèlbey Published On

Albert Ketèlbey (9 August 1875 – 26 November 1959) was an English
composer, conductor, and pianist, best known for his light orchestral
music. He was born in Birmingham, moving to London in 1889 to study at
Trinity College of Music where he became musical director of the
Vaudeville Theatre. For many years Ketèlbey worked for music publishers
including Chappell & Co and the Columbia Graphophone Company, providing
arrangements for smaller orchestras. He composed accompanying music for
silent films; In a Monastery Garden (1915) sold over a million copies
and brought widespread notice. Later soundtracks for exotic scenes such
as In a Persian Market (1920, cover pictured), In a Chinese Temple
Garden (1923), and In the Mystic Land of Egypt (1931), became best-
sellers; by the late 1920s Ketèlbey was Britain's first millionaire
composer. His popularity waned during the Second World War. In 1949 he
retired to the Isle of Wight, where he died in obscurity. In a 2003 poll
by the BBC's Your Hundred Best Tunes, Bells across the Meadows was voted
the thirty-sixth most popular tune of all time.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ket%C3%A8lbey>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1173:

Construction began on a campanile, which would eventually
become the Leaning Tower of Pisa (pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa>

1914:

World War I: France launched its first attack of the war in an
ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the province of Alsace from
Germany.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mulhouse>

1945:

World War II: USAAF bomber Bockscar dropped a "Fat Man" atomic
bomb, devastating Nagasaki, Japan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_Man>

1971:

The Troubles: British authorities began arresting and interning
(without trial) people accused of being republican paramilitary members.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Demetrius>

2006:

British police arrested 24 people for conspiring to detonate
liquid explosives carried on board at least 10 airliners travelling from
the United Kingdom to the United States and Canada.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

Pinkerton syndrome:
(chiefly Singapore, derogatory) The tendency of some Asians to regard
Caucasians as superior or more desirable, especially where marriage or
relationships are concerned. […]
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pinkerton_syndrome>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I am transparent An open book; There's no choice in the matter But
the breath from my mind Is living air, And the notes from my heart Are
what I share. Words weren't made for cowards.  
--Happy Rhodes
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Happy_Rhodes>

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[Daily article] August 8: Christ Illusion Published On

Christ Illusion is the tenth studio album by the American thrash metal
band Slayer. Released on August 8, 2006, the album received generally
favorable critical reviews, and it entered the Billboard 200 at number
5—the band's second highest U.S. chart position. Christ Illusion
includes the Grammy Award-winning songs "Eyes of the Insane" and "Final
Six", and is the band's first studio album to feature original drummer
Dave Lombardo since 1990's Seasons in the Abyss. Depicting a mutilated
Christ painted by longtime collaborator Larry Carroll, the album's
graphic artwork courted controversy. An alternative cover was issued to
conservative retailers who felt uncomfortable with the original. The
band also put out a self-censored cover without the controversial
artwork. Lyrics, particularly in the song "Jihad", describe the
September 11 attacks from the perspective of a terrorist. Following
protests, all Indian stocks of the album were recalled and destroyed by
EMI India.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Illusion>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1576:

The cornerstone of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe's observatory
Uraniborg was laid on the island of Hven.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraniborg>

1786:

Michel-Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat completed the first
recorded ascent of Mont Blanc in the Alps, an act considered to be the
birth of modern mountaineering.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Blanc>

1946:

The first prototype of the Convair B-36 Peacemaker, the first
nuclear weapon delivery vehicle to be mass-produced, flew for the first
time.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker>

1956:

A major mining disaster killed 262 workers, mainly Italian
nationals, at the Bois du Cazier coal mine in Belgium.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_du_Cazier>

2008:

Eight people died and 64 more were injured when a EuroCity
express train en route to Prague, Czech Republic struck a part of a
motorway bridge that had fallen onto the track near Studénka station in
the Czech Republic and derailed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Stud%C3%A9nka_train_wreck>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

disquiet:
Want of quiet; want of tranquility in body or mind; anxiety,
disturbance, restlessness, uneasiness.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disquiet>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  I want to die a slave to principles. Not to men.  
--Emiliano Zapata
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata>

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[Daily article] August 7: 1998 FA Charity Shield Published On

The 1998 FA Charity Shield was the 76th in a series of annual English
football matches organised by The Football Association and usually
played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and
FA Cup competitions. It was contested on 9 August 1998 by Arsenal, who
won both titles the previous season, and Manchester United, the league
runners-up. Watched by a crowd of 67,342 at Wembley Stadium (pictured),
Arsenal took the lead when Marc Overmars scored 11 minutes before half-
time. They extended their lead in the second half, as Overmars and
Nicolas Anelka found Christopher Wreh, who put the ball into an empty
net at the second attempt. In the 72nd minute, Arsenal scored a third
goal, when Anelka got around Jaap Stam in the penalty box and shot the
ball past goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel. Arsenal won the match 3–0,
United's first defeat in the Shield in 13 years. United completed a
treble of trophies in the 1998–99 season, winning the league, the FA
Cup and the UEFA Champions League.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_FA_Charity_Shield>

_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:

1461:

Ming Chinese general Cao Qin staged a failed coup against the
Tianshun Emperor.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebellion_of_Cao_Qin>

1794:

US President George Washington invoked the Militia Acts of 1792
to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792>

1946:

The Soviet Union informed Turkey that the way the latter was
handling the Turkish Straits no longer represented the security
interests of its fellow Black Sea nations, escalating the Turkish
Straits crisis.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis>

1978:

Two years after the discovery of toxic waste that had been
negligently disposed of, US President Jimmy Carter declared a federal
health emergency in the Love Canal neighborhood (pictured in 2012) of
Niagara Falls, New York.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Canal>

2008:

Georgia launched a large-scale military offensive against the
separatist region of South Ossetia, opening the six-day Russo-Georgian
War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War>

_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:

grass tops:
(idiomatic, plural only) People in a position of power or influence at a
local level.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grass_tops>

___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:

  Some luck lies in not getting what you thought you wanted but
getting what you have, which once you have got it you may be smart
enough to see is what you would have wanted had you known.  
--Garrison Keillor
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Garrison_Keillor>

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