century. The first of the kind, the Royal Navy's Dreadnought, had such
an impact when launched in 1906 that similar subsequent battleships were
referred to as "dreadnoughts". Her design had two revolutionary
features: an "all-big-gun" armament scheme and steam turbine propulsion.
As dreadnoughts became a crucial symbol of national power, the arrival
of these new warships renewed the naval arms race, principally between
the United Kingdom and Germany but reflected worldwide, including South
America (a Brazilian Minas Geraes-class battleship pictured). The
concept of an all-big-gun ship had been in development for several years
before Dreadnought's construction. The Imperial Japanese Navy had begun
work on an all-big-gun battleship in 1904, but finished the ship as a
semi-dreadnought; the United States Navy was also building all-big-gun
battleships. Technical development continued rapidly through the
dreadnought era and within ten years, new battleships outclassed
Dreadnought herself. Most of the original dreadnoughts were scrapped
after the end of World War I under the terms of the Washington Naval
Treaty. Large dreadnought fleets only fought once, at the Battle of
Jutland.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreadnought>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
904:
Sergius III (pictured), whose pontificate was marked with feudal
violence and disorder in central Italy, came out of retirement to take
over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sergius_III>
1863:
Indian Wars in North America: The United States Army led by
Patrick Edward Connor massacred Chief Bear Hunter and forces of the
Shoshone at the Bear River Massacre in present day Franklin County,
Idaho.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_River_Massacre>
1943:
World War II: The Battle of Rennell Island, the last major
naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial
Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal Campaign, began.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rennell_Island>
1991:
Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground
engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, began.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khafji>
2009:
The Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt ruled that people who
did not adhere to one of the three government-recognised religions are
also eligible to receive government identity documents.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_identification_card_controversy>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
obviate:
(transitive) To bypass a requirement or make it unnecessary.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obviate>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Angels never attack, as infernal spirits do. Angels only ward off and
defend.
--Emanuel Swedenborg
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg>
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