chief of staff of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He trained in
Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to become a lieutenant in the Royal
Netherlands East Indies Army, and after almost 25 years of service was
the highest-ranking Native Indonesian officer in the country. He
resigned in 1938, but was recalled to active duty after Nazi Germany
invaded the Netherlands in May 1940. When the Empire of Japan occupied
Indonesia less than two years later, he was detained in a prisoner-of-
war camp for three and a half months. Indonesia proclaimed its
independence from the Netherlands in 1945; several months later, he was
declared the chief of staff and interim leader of the newly formed army.
Working to build a united force from the fractured former military
groups in the country, he oversaw army development during the Indonesian
National Revolution along with General Sudirman, the leader of the armed
forces. He has received several awards from the Indonesian government,
including the title National Hero of Indonesia.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerip_Soemohardjo>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1644:
English Civil War: The combined armies of Parliament inflicted
a tactical defeat on the Royalists, but failed to gain any strategic
advantage in the Second Battle of Newbury.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Newbury>
1838:
Governor of Missouri Lilburn Boggs issued Missouri Executive
Order 44, ordering all Mormons to leave the state or be killed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Executive_Order_44>
1958:
General Ayub Khan deposed Iskander Mirza in a bloodless coup
d'état to become the second President of Pakistan, less than three
weeks after Mirza had appointed him the enforcer of martial law.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)>
1981:
Cold War: Soviet Whiskey-class submarine U 137 ran aground near
Sweden's Karlskrona naval base, sparking an international incident
termed "Whiskey on the rocks".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_submarine_S-363>
2005:
The deaths of two Muslim youths in the Clichy-sous-Bois suburb
of Paris triggered four months of rioting by mostly youths of North
African origins in various parts of France.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_French_riots>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
miscellany:
1. Miscellaneous items.
2. A collection of writings on various subjects or topics; an anthology.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miscellany>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
We must recognize that it is a cardinal sin against democracy to
support a man for public office because he belongs to a given creed or
to oppose him because he belongs to a given creed. It is just as evil as
to draw the line between class and class, between occupation and
occupation in political life. No man who tries to draw either line is a
good American. True Americanism demands that we judge each man on his
conduct, that we so judge him in private life and that we so judge him
in public life.
--Theodore Roosevelt
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt>
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