which developed the first atomic bombs during World War II. After Rudolf
Peierls and Otto Frisch at the University of Birmingham calculated that
a small sphere of pure uranium-235 could explode with the power of
thousands of tons of dynamite, their memorandum led to Britain's own
atomic bomb project. This project shared research with the US, but was
eventually subsumed by the Manhattan Project under the 1943 Quebec
Agreement. A British mission led by the Australian physicist Mark
Oliphant assisted in the development of electromagnetic separation
processes for enriching uranium; Wallace Akers led a similar mission
assisting with gaseous diffusion. James Chadwick (pictured) was the head
of a distinguished team of British scientists working on bomb design at
the Los Alamos Laboratory that included Niels Bohr, Peierls, Frisch,
Geoffrey Taylor, and James Tuck, as well as Klaus Fuchs, who was later
revealed to be a Soviet atomic spy. American and British cooperation
ended with the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. In October 1952, Britain
became the third country to test an independently developed nuclear
weapon.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1588:
An apparently spontaneous public uprising arose in staunchly
Catholic Paris against the moderate policies of Henry III.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_the_Barricades>
1846:
Led by George Donner, the American pioneer group known as the
Donner Party, which became known for resorting to cannibalism when they
became trapped in the Sierra Nevadas, left Independence, Missouri, for
California.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Party>
1926:
The Trades Union Congress, a federation of British trade
unions, announced that it would end its week-long general strike "in
defence of [coal] miners' wages and hours".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike>
1968:
The 1st Australian Task Force began the defence of Fire Support
Base Coral in the largest unit-level action of the Vietnam War for the
Australian Army.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Coral%E2%80%93Balmoral>
2006:
A cartoon that allegedly compared Iranian Azeris to cockroaches
was published in an Iranian magazine, sparking riots throughout the
country.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_newspaper_cockroach_cartoon_controversy>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
kosher:
1. (Judaism) Fit for use or consumption, in accordance with Jewish law
(especially relating to food).
2. (figuratively, by extension) In accordance with standards or usual
practice.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kosher>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
What is Mysticism? Is it not the attempt to draw near to God, not
by rites or ceremonies, but by inward disposition? Is it not merely a
hard word for " The Kingdom of Heaven is within"? Heaven is neither a
place nor a time. There might be a Heaven not only here but now. It is
true that sometimes we must sacrifice not only health of body, but
health of mind (or, peace) in the interest of God; that is, we must
sacrifice Heaven. But "thou shalt be like God for thou shalt see Him as
He is": this may be here and now, as well as there and then.
--Florence Nightingale
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale>
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