of the most powerful rulers in Scotland. Pictland, representing one of
four political groups in north Britain in the early 8th century, ran
from the River Forth northwards, including Orkney, Shetland and the
Western Isles. Óengus became its chief king following a period of civil
war in the late 720s. During his reign the neighbouring kingdom of Dál
Riata was subjugated, and the kingdom of Strathclyde was attacked, with
less success. He was also involved in wars in Ireland and England. Some
sources say that Óengus was a joint ruler with Æthelbald of Mercia;
others dispute this, but still accept him as the dominant force in
northern Britain of his time. After his death, probably in his
seventies, kings from his family continued to dominate Pictland. In 839
a disastrous defeat at the hands of Vikings began a new period of
instability, which ended with the coming to power of Kenneth MacAlpin,
Kenneth I of Scotland.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93engus_I>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1850:
German composer Richard Wagner's romantic opera Lohengrin (2015
production pictured), containing the Bridal Chorus, was first performed
under the direction of Franz Liszt in Weimar, present-day Germany.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)>
1859:
A massive solar storm began, causing a coronal mass ejection to
strike the Earth's magnetosphere that generated aurorae that were
visible in the middle latitudes.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm_of_1859>
1901:
Silliman University in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Philippines,
became the first American private school to be founded in the country.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silliman_University>
1937:
Toyota Motors, now the world's largest automobile manufacturer,
was spun off from Toyota Industries as an independent company.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota>
1963:
Two young women were murdered in New York City; the
mistreatment of the suspect by the police and his forced confession led
New York to abolish its death penalty.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_Girls_Murders>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
rideau:
A fortification or barrier such as a small earthen mound or ridge, a
file of troops, etc.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rideau>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from
the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle
on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our
creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again
we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul
force.
--Martin Luther King, Jr.
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.>
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